« Previous AbstractDifferentiation of isomeric compounds by two-stage proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry    Next AbstractMultiple types of sensory neurons respond to irritating volatile organic compounds (VOCs): calcium fluorimetry of trigeminal ganglion neurons »

Water Sci Technol

Title:		"Characterization of microparticles in raw, treated, and distributed waters by means of elemental and particle size analyses"
Author(s):		Inoue T; Matsui Y; Terada Y; Baba K; Matsushita T;
Address:		"Department of Civil Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan. tinoue@cc.gifu-u.ac.jp"
Journal Title:		Water Sci Technol
Year:		2004
Volume:		50
Issue:		12
Page Number:		71 - 78
DOI:
ISSN/ISBN:		0273-1223 (Print) 0273-1223 (Linking)
Abstract:		"The elemental composition and particle size distribution of suspended particles in raw water, treated water, and distributed water were determined to understand the behavior of particles during the water treatment-distribution process. The weight of suspended particles collected on a 0.6-microm filter was 1.1 times (raw water), 1.4 times (treated water), and 1.5 times (distributed water) that collected on a 2.7-microm filter, suggesting that smaller particles may remain after conventional water treatment. Organic suspended particles were removed less efficiently than inorganic suspended particles. After sand filtration, the Al content in the fixed suspended solids (FSS) markedly increased, indicating that either a small percentage of aluminium floc passed through during sand filtration or dissolved aluminum precipitated after sand filtration. The Mn and Fe concentrations increased after chlorination. The percentages of carbon and nitrogen in the volatile suspended solids (VSS) were roughly the same in the raw, treated, and distributed waters. The carbon/nitrogen/phosphate/VSS ratios indicated that the VSS of the suspended particles consisted of organic matter originating from microorganisms. The major constituents of the FSS in the treated and distributed waters were compounds of Fe, Al, Ca, Mg, and Mn, but these compounds accounted for only 16% or less of the FSS in raw water, indicating the existence of Si compounds. In distribution pipes, the total suspended solids concentration, especially the FSS concentration, was higher than that of water just after treatment. The Fe concentration in distributed water increased, probably due to oxidation and rusting of iron pipes"
Keywords:		Aluminum/analysis/toxicity Carbon/analysis Chlorine/analysis/pharmacology Filtration Flocculation Inorganic Chemicals/analysis/chemistry/toxicity Iron/analysis/toxicity Metals/analysis/chemistry/toxicity Nanotechnology Nitrogen/analysis Organic Chemicals/;
Notes:		"MedlineInoue, T Matsui, Y Terada, Y Baba, K Matsushita, T eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England 2005/02/03 Water Sci Technol. 2004; 50(12):71-8"