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Environ Sci Technol

Title:		Mobile source and livestock feed contributions to regional ozone formation in Central California
Author(s):		Hu J; Howard CJ; Mitloehner F; Green PG; Kleeman MJ;
Address:		"Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California at Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States"
Journal Title:		Environ Sci Technol
Year:		2012
Volume:		20120217
Issue:		5
Page Number:		2781 - 2789
DOI:		10.1021/es203369p
ISSN/ISBN:		1520-5851 (Electronic) 0013-936X (Linking)
Abstract:		"A three-dimensional air quality model with 8 km horizontal resolution was applied to estimate the summertime ozone (O(3)) production from mobile sources and fermented livestock feed in California's San Joaquin Valley (SJV) during years 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. Previous studies have estimated that animal feed emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have greater O(3) formation potential than mobile-source VOC emissions when averaging across the entire SJV. The higher spatial resolution in the current study shows that the proximity of oxides of nitrogen (NO(x)) and VOC emissions from mobile sources enhances their O(3) formation potential. Livestock feed VOC emissions contributed 3-4 ppb of peak O(3) (8-h average) in Tulare County and 1-2 ppb throughout the remainder of the SJV during the CCOS 2000 July-August episode. In total, livestock feed contributed ~3.5 tons of the ground level peak O(3) (8 h average) in the SJV region, and mobile VOC contributed ~12 tons in this episode. O(3) production from mobile sources is declining over time in response to emissions control plans that call for cleaner fuels and engines with advanced emissions controls. Projecting forward to the year 2020, mobile-source VOC emissions are predicted to produce ~3 tons of the ground level peak O(3)(8-h average) and livestock feed VOC emissions are predicted to contribute ~2.5 tons making these sources nearly equivalent"
Keywords:		"Animal Feed/*analysis Animals California Computer Simulation Humans Livestock/*physiology Models, Chemical *Motion Nitrates/analysis Nitrites/analysis Ozone/*analysis Time Factors Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis;"
Notes:		"MedlineHu, Jianlin Howard, Cody J Mitloehner, Frank Green, Peter G Kleeman, Michael J eng 2012/02/07 Environ Sci Technol. 2012 Mar 6; 46(5):2781-9. doi: 10.1021/es203369p. Epub 2012 Feb 17"