| Title: | Development and evaluation of an emulsified paraffin wax dispenser for season-long mating disruption of Grapholita molesta in commercial peach orchards |
| Author(s): | De Lame FM; Miller JR; Attrerholt CA; Gut LJ; |
| Address: | "Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 243 Natural Science Bldg., East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. delame.frederique@dialcorp.com" |
| DOI: | 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[1316:daeoae]2.0.co;2 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 0022-0493 (Print) 0022-0493 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "The University of California at Davis patented the use of emulsified wax to release pheromones for mating disruption. Advantages of these dispensers include low cost, self-adhesion, and biodegradation. We compared the efficacy and practicality of Confuse-OFM, a commercial emulsified wax formulation of oriental fruit moth, Grapiholita molesta (Busck), pheromone with those of Check-Mate OFM-F sprayable pheromone and Isomate-M 100 polyethylene tube dispensers in commercial peach (Prunus spp.) orchards. Efficacy was measured with male captures in pheromone-, virgin female-, and liquid attractant-baited bucket traps as well as by noting injury to shoots and fruit. Two applications of Confuse-OFM were as effective as two applications of CheckMate OFM-F and one application of Isomate-M 100. However, Confuse-OFM was tedious to apply and wasted pheromone with an initially high release rate. We developed a new emulsified wax formulation (Wax Dollops) that maintained release rates above a 5 mg/ha/h threshold twice as long as Confuse-OFM in the laboratory. Field trials confirmed that one application of 3-ml dollops (590 dollops per ha) provided season-long (approximately 15 wk) control equivalent to that of Isomate-M 100 and Confuse-OFM applied as described above. Several applicators were developed for Wax Dollops, including a pneumatic gun that shot dollops >2 m. However, the most efficient method for application was wiping dollops onto tree branches by using a flat-bladed spatula. This research was the basis for a new line of commercial pheromone pest control products equally effective to current commercial formulations but with advantages in cost and flexibility" |
| Keywords: | "Animals Female Insect Control/*methods Male Moths/*physiology *Paraffin Pheromones/administration & dosage *Prunus *Sexual Behavior, Animal *Waxes;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineDe Lame, Frederique M Miller, James R Attrerholt, Cynthia A Gut, Larry J eng Comparative Study Evaluation Study Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. England 2007/09/14 J Econ Entomol. 2007 Aug; 100(4):1316-27. doi: 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[1316:daeoae]2.0.co; 2" |
