| Title: | The Extracellular Lipopeptides and Volatile Organic Compounds of Bacillus subtilis DHA41 Display Broad-Spectrum Antifungal Activity against Soil-Borne Phytopathogenic Fungi |
| Author(s): | Al-Mutar DMK; Noman M; Alzawar NSA; Qasim HH; Li D; Song F; |
| Address: | "Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. Basra Agriculture Directorate, Almudaina 61008, Iraq. Ministry of Agriculture, Directorate of Agriculture Extension and Training, Albasra 61001, Iraq" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 2309-608X (Electronic) 2309-608X (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon) is a devastating soil-borne fungus causing Fusarium wilt in watermelon. The present study investigated the biochemical mechanism underlying the antifungal activity exhibited by the antagonistic bacterial strain DHA41, particularly against Fon. Molecular characterization based on the 16S rRNA gene confirmed that DHA41 is a strain of Bacillus subtilis, capable of synthesizing antifungal lipopeptides, such as iturins and fengycins, which was further confirmed by detecting corresponding lipopeptide biosynthesis genes, namely ItuB, ItuD, and FenD. The cell-free culture filtrate and extracellular lipopeptide extract of B. subtilis DHA41 demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on the mycelial growth of Fon, Didymella bryoniae, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Fusarium graminearum, and Rhizoctonia solani. The lipopeptide extract showed emulsification activity and inhibited Fon mycelial growth by 86.4% at 100 microg/mL. Transmission electron microscope observations confirmed that the lipopeptide extract disrupted Fon cellular integrity. Furthermore, B. subtilis DHA41 emitted volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that exhibited antifungal activity against Fon, D. bryoniae, S. sclerotiorum, and F. graminearum. These findings provide evidence that B. subtilis DHA41 possesses broad-spectrum antifungal activity against different fungi pathogens, including Fon, through the production of extracellular lipopeptides and VOCs" |
| Keywords: | Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum antifungal activity lipopeptide soil-borne pathogens volatile organic compounds; |
| Notes: | "PubMed-not-MEDLINEAl-Mutar, Dhabyan Mutar Kareem Noman, Muhammad Alzawar, Noor Salih Abduljaleel Qasim, Hadi Hussein Li, Dayong Song, Fengming eng CARS-25/China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA of China/ Switzerland 2023/08/25 J Fungi (Basel). 2023 Jul 28; 9(8):797. doi: 10.3390/jof9080797" |
