| Title: | Sprays and diffusers as indoor air fresheners: Exposure and health risk assessment based on measurements under realistic indoor conditions |
| Author(s): | Karr G; Quivet E; Ramel M; Nicolas M; |
| Address: | "Ineris (French National Institute for Industrial Environment and Risks), ISAE, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France. Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, Marseille, France. CSTB (Scientific and Technical Center for Building), Pollem, Saint Martin d'Heres, France" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1600-0668 (Electronic) 0905-6947 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Noncombustible air fresheners are indoor air emission sources of concern. The associated health risks should be better understood. Based on 15 products (4 sprays, 6 passive diffusers, and 5 active diffusers), the health risk assessment (HRA) approach was applied to a national use survey in France and to concentrations measured in an experimental house. The targeted substances included volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbonyls, and fine particles (PM(2.5) ). Mean-use and reasonable worst-case generic scenarios were designed. No situation of concern occurred regarding chronic exposure associated with the mean use. Under the reasonable worst-case scenarios, the chronic risk could exceed selected health reference standards, mainly for acrolein (average inhaled concentration (AIC) up to 3.5 microg/m(3) ), benzene (AIC up to 4 microg/m(3) ), and limonene (AIC up to 8 mg/m(3) ). The acute exposure, defined as a 1-h exposure, could exceed selected health standards, primarily for acrolein (up to 23 microg/m(3) ) and formaldehyde (up to approximately 370 microg/m(3) ). Furthermore, the 1-h average PM(2.5) concentration, including ultrafine particles, could exceed 100 microg/m(3) , typically for sprays. These results suggest that the highest exposures should be reduced and, as such, that the emissions of the highest-emissivity products should be lowered" |
| Keywords: | "*Air Pollutants/analysis *Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis Environmental Monitoring/methods Particulate Matter/analysis Risk Assessment *Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis air fresheners diffusers emission sources health risk assessment indoor air sprays;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineKarr, Guillaume Quivet, Etienne Ramel, Martine Nicolas, Melanie eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England 2021/08/28 Indoor Air. 2022 Jan; 32(1):e12923. doi: 10.1111/ina.12923. Epub 2021 Aug 27" |
