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Environ Entomol

Title:		"Influence of elevation on bark beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) community structure and flight periodicity in ponderosa pine forests of Arizona"
Author(s):		Williams KK; McMillin JD; DeGomez TE; Clancy KM; Miller A;
Address:		"University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources, NAU Box 15018, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA. kwilli@email.arizona.edu"
Journal Title:		Environ Entomol
Year:		2008
Volume:		37
Issue:		1
Page Number:		94 - 109
DOI:		10.1603/0046-225x(2008)37[94:ioeobb]2.0.co;2
ISSN/ISBN:		0046-225X (Print) 0046-225X (Linking)
Abstract:		"We examined abundance and flight periodicity of five Ips and six Dendroctonus species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) among three different elevation bands in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex. Lawson) forests of northcentral Arizona. Bark beetle populations were monitored at 10 sites in each of three elevation bands (low: 1,600-1,736 m; middle: 2,058-2,230 m; high: 2,505-2,651 m) for 3 yr (2004-2006) using pheromone-baited Lindgren funnel traps. Trap contents were collected weekly from March to December. We also studied temperature differences among the elevation bands and what role this may play in beetle flight behavior. Bark beetles, regardless of species, showed no consistent elevational trend in abundance among the three bands. The higher abundances of Ips lecontei Swaine, I. calligraphus ponderosae Swaine, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmerman, and D. brevicomis LeConte at low and middle elevations offset the greater abundance of I. knausi Swaine, D. adjunctus Blandford, D. approximatus Dietz, and D. valens LeConte at high elevations. I. pini (Say) and I. latidens LeConte were found in similar numbers across the three bands. Flight periodicity of several species varied among elevation bands. In general, the flight period shortened as elevation increased; flight initiated later and terminated earlier in the year. The timing, number, and magnitude of peaks in flight activity also varied among the elevation bands. These results suggest that abundance and flight seasonality of several bark beetles are related to elevation and the associated temperature differences. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to bark beetle management and population dynamics"
Keywords:		"Animals Arizona Biodiversity Flight, Animal/*physiology Insect Control/instrumentation *Periodicity Pinus ponderosa/parasitology Population Density Temperature Time Factors Trees Weevils/*physiology;"
Notes:		"MedlineWilliams, Kelly K McMillin, Joel D DeGomez, Tom E Clancy, Karen M Miller, Andy eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. England 2008/03/20 Environ Entomol. 2008 Feb; 37(1):94-109. doi: 10.1603/0046-225x(2008)37[94:ioeobb]2.0.co; 2"