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Plants (Basel)

Title:		Essential Oils and Sustainability: In Vitro Bioactivity Screening of Myristica fragrans Houtt. Post-Distillation By-Products
Author(s):		Trifan A; Zengin G; Korona-Glowniak I; Skalicka-Wozniak K; Luca SV;
Address:		"Department of Pharmacognosy-Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania. Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey. Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland. Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland. Biothermodynamics, TUM School of Life and Food Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany"
Journal Title:		Plants (Basel)
Year:		2023
Volume:		20230423
Issue:		9
Page Number:		-
DOI:		10.3390/plants12091741
ISSN/ISBN:		2223-7747 (Print) 2223-7747 (Electronic) 2223-7747 (Linking)
Abstract:		"The essential oil of Myristica fragrans Hutt. (nutmeg) is an important commodity used as a flavoring agent in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic fields. Hydrodistillation is chiefly employed at the industrial scale for nutmeg essential oil isolation, but such a technique generates large quantities of post-distillation by-products (e.g., spent plant material and residual distillation water). Therefore, our work aimed to propose a novel strategy for the valorization of nutmeg wastes, with beneficial economic and ecological advantages. Thus, the current study assessed the phytochemical (GC-MS, LC-HRMS/MS) and biological (antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, antimicrobial) profile of nutmeg crude materials (essential oil and total extract) and post-distillation by-products (residual water and spent material extract). Identified in these were 43 volatile compounds, with sabinene (21.71%), alpha-pinene (15.81%), myristicin (13.39%), and beta-pinene (12.70%) as the main constituents. LC-HRMS/MS analysis of the nutmeg extracts noted fifteen metabolites (e.g., organic acids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans, and diarylnonanoids). Among the investigated nutmeg samples, the spent material extract was highlighted as an important source of bioactive compounds, with a total phenolic and flavonoid content of 63.31 +/- 0.72 mg GAE/g and 8.31 +/- 0.06 mg RE/g, respectively. Moreover, it showed prominent radical-scavenging and metal-reducing properties and significantly inhibited butyrylcholinesterase (4.78 +/- 0.03 mg GALAE/g). Further, the spent material extract displayed strong antimicrobial effects against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Micrococcus luteus, and Bacillus cereus (minimum inhibitory concentrations of 62.5 mg/L). Overall, our study brings evidence on the health-promoting (antioxidant, anti-enzymatic, antimicrobial) potential of nutmeg post-distillation by-products with future reference to their valorization in the pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical, and food industries"
Keywords:		Lc-hrms/ms essential oils nutmeg spent material spices wastes;
Notes:		"PubMed-not-MEDLINETrifan, Adriana Zengin, Gokhan Korona-Glowniak, Izabela Skalicka-Wozniak, Krystyna Luca, Simon Vlad eng Switzerland 2023/05/13 Plants (Basel). 2023 Apr 23; 12(9):1741. doi: 10.3390/plants12091741"