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J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

Title:		Evaluation of NHANES biomonitoring data for volatile organic chemicals in blood: application of chemical-specific screening criteria
Author(s):		Kirman CR; Aylward LL; Blount BC; Pyatt DW; Hays SM;
Address:		"Summit Toxicology, Orange Village, Ohio 44022, USA. ckirman@summittoxicology.com"
Journal Title:		J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol
Year:		2012
Volume:		20111012
Issue:		1
Page Number:		24 - 34
DOI:		10.1038/jes.2011.37
ISSN/ISBN:		1559-064X (Electronic) 1559-0631 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Available biomonitoring data for volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) in blood from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2003-2004) (CDC, 2009) were compared with recently derived screening biomonitoring equivalent (BE) values (Aylward et al., 2010). A BE is defined as the estimated concentration or range of concentrations of a chemical or its metabolites in a biological medium (blood, urine, or other medium) that is consistent with an existing health-based exposure guidance value. Blood concentrations of VOCs from the NHANES data set were compared with predicted screening BE values based upon a hazard quotient (HQ) for individual chemicals, and a hazard index (HI) approach for combined exposures. HI values for detected chemicals were generally at or below a value of 1, suggesting that the potential for deleterious effects is low. However, smoking was an important determinant of HI and HQ values. Detected levels of benzene in non-smokers were within the range of BE values corresponding to a 1 x 10(-6)-1 x 10(-4) range for upper-bound cancer risk; in smokers, levels of benzene were at the upper end of or exceeded this range. For VOCs that were not detected in the NHANES sampling, analytical detection limits were generally sufficiently sensitive to detect concentrations consistent with existing non-cancer and cancer risk-based exposure guidance values. Interpretations of measured blood concentrations of VOCs must be made with caution due to the substantial within-individual, within-day fluctuations in levels expected due to the rapid elimination of VOCs"
Keywords:		Environmental Monitoring/*methods Environmental Pollutants/adverse effects/*blood Humans Limit of Detection *Nutrition Surveys Risk Assessment Sensitivity and Specificity United States Volatile Organic Compounds/adverse effects/*blood;
Notes:		"MedlineKirman, Christopher R Aylward, Lesa L Blount, Ben C Pyatt, David W Hays, Sean M eng Comparative Study Evaluation Study Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2011/10/13 J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2012 Jan-Feb; 22(1):24-34. doi: 10.1038/jes.2011.37. Epub 2011 Oct 12"