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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Title:		"Intestinal permeability, gut-bacterial dysbiosis, and behavioral markers of alcohol-dependence severity"
Author(s):		Leclercq S; Matamoros S; Cani PD; Neyrinck AM; Jamar F; Starkel P; Windey K; Tremaroli V; Backhed F; Verbeke K; de Timary P; Delzenne NM;
Address:		"Department of Adult Psychiatry, Institute of Neuroscience, Universite Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Universite Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Universite Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), 1300 Wavre, Belgium; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; Laboratory of Hepato- and Gastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Universite Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Center, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Gothenburg, S-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; and. Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Gothenburg, S-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Metabolic Receptology and Enteroendocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Adult Psychiatry, Institute of Neuroscience, Universite Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; philippe.detimary@uclouvain.be nathalie.delzenne@uclouvain.be. Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Universite Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; philippe.detimary@uclouvain.be nathalie.delzenne@uclouvain.be"
Journal Title:		Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Year:		2014
Volume:		20141006
Issue:		42
Page Number:		E4485 - E4493
DOI:		10.1073/pnas.1415174111
ISSN/ISBN:		1091-6490 (Electronic) 0027-8424 (Print) 0027-8424 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Alcohol dependence has traditionally been considered a brain disorder. Alteration in the composition of the gut microbiota has recently been shown to be present in psychiatric disorders, which suggests the possibility of gut-to-brain interactions in the development of alcohol dependence. The aim of the present study was to explore whether changes in gut permeability are linked to gut-microbiota composition and activity in alcohol-dependent subjects. We also investigated whether gut dysfunction is associated with the psychological symptoms of alcohol dependence. Finally, we tested the reversibility of the biological and behavioral parameters after a short-term detoxification program. We found that some, but not all, alcohol-dependent subjects developed gut leakiness, which was associated with higher scores of depression, anxiety, and alcohol craving after 3 wk of abstinence, which may be important psychological factors of relapse. Moreover, subjects with increased gut permeability also had altered composition and activity of the gut microbiota. These results suggest the existence of a gut-brain axis in alcohol dependence, which implicates the gut microbiota as an actor in the gut barrier and in behavioral disorders. Thus, the gut microbiota seems to be a previously unidentified target in the management of alcohol dependence"
Keywords:		Adult Affect Alcoholism/complications/*microbiology Anxiety/complications Bifidobacterium Biopsy Depression/complications Dysbiosis/*microbiology Feces Female Gastrointestinal Tract/*microbiology Humans Intestines/*microbiology Lactobacillus Liver/patholo;neuroscience;
Notes:		"MedlineLeclercq, Sophie Matamoros, Sebastien Cani, Patrice D Neyrinck, Audrey M Jamar, Francois Starkel, Peter Windey, Karen Tremaroli, Valentina Backhed, Fredrik Verbeke, Kristin de Timary, Philippe Delzenne, Nathalie M eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2014/10/08 Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Oct 21; 111(42):E4485-93. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1415174111. Epub 2014 Oct 6"