| Title: | Sex pheromone chemistry and field trapping studies of the elm spanworm Ennomos subsignaria (Hubner) (Lepidoptera:Geometridae) |
| Author(s): | Ryall K; Silk PJ; Wu J; Mayo P; Lemay MA; MaGee D; |
| Address: | "Natural Resources Canada, Great Lakes Forest Centre, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, P6A 2E5, Canada" |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s00114-010-0687-6 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1432-1904 (Electronic) 0028-1042 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "The elm spanworm, Ennomos subsignaria (Hubner), occurs throughout Canada and the eastern United States and can be a destructive forest pest on a wide range of deciduous trees. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC/EAD) analysis of pheromone gland extracts, in combination with chemical synthesis and field trapping studies have identified (2S, 3R)-2-((Z)-oct-2'-enyl)-3-nonyl oxirane (hereafter Z6-9S, 10R-epoxy-19:H) as the female-produced sex pheromone. Significantly more male moths were captured between 1-100 microg loadings of this compound on red rubber septa in sticky traps compared to blank (unbaited) traps; catches then declined at higher dosages (500-1000 microg). The other isomeric enantiomer, (2R, 3S)-2-[(Z)-oct-2'-enyl]-3-nonyl oxirane (Z6-9R, 10S-epoxy-19:H), at a 10-microg dosage did not elicit trap capture. The likely precursor to the active epoxide, (Z, Z)-6, 9-nonadecadiene ((Z, Z)-6, 9-19:H), identified in virgin female sex pheromone glands, did not elicit trap capture either, and inhibited trap capture when combined with the active epoxide. Racemic 2-((Z)-oct-2'-enyl)-3-nonyl oxirane showed no significant difference in trap capture compared with Z6-9S, 10R-epoxy-19:H, indicating that the opposite enantiomer was not antagonistic. The addition of the EAD-active diene epoxide enantiomers (2S, 3R)-2-[(Z, Z)-octa-2', 5'-dienyl]-3-nonyl oxirane or (2R, 3S)-2-[(Z, Z)-octa-2', 5'-dienyl]-3-nonyl oxirane in admixture with Z6-9S, 10R-epoxy-19:H (at 10% of the latter) did not enhance or decrease trap capture compared to Z6-9S, 10R-epoxy-19:H oxirane alone, so they are not likely pheromone components. This pheromone, impregnated in rubber septa at less than 100-microg dosage, can now be used as a trap bait to develop detection and monitoring strategies for this insect" |
| Keywords: | Animals Canada Ecosystem Female Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Lepidoptera/*physiology Male Sex Attractants/chemistry/*physiology Ulmus/parasitology United States; |
| Notes: | "MedlineRyall, Krista Silk, Peter J Wu, Junping Mayo, Peter Lemay, Matthew A MaGee, David eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Germany 2010/06/19 Naturwissenschaften. 2010 Aug; 97(8):717-24. doi: 10.1007/s00114-010-0687-6. Epub 2010 Jun 18" |
