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Environ Sci Technol

Title:		Trends of Diverse POPs in Air and Water Across the Western Atlantic Ocean: Strong Gradients in the Ocean but Not in the Air
Author(s):		Lohmann R; Markham E; Klanova J; Kukucka P; Pribylova P; Gong X; Pockalny R; Yanishevsky T; Wagner CC; Sunderland EM;
Address:		"Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, South Ferry Road, Narragansett, 02882 Rhode Island United States. Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 3/126, 625 00 Brno,Czech Republic. College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China. Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States"
Journal Title:		Environ Sci Technol
Year:		2021
Volume:		20201105
Issue:		14
Page Number:		9498 - 9507
DOI:		10.1021/acs.est.0c04611
ISSN/ISBN:		1520-5851 (Electronic) 0013-936X (Linking)
Abstract:		"Oceans have remained the least well-researched reservoirs of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) globally, due to their vast scale, difficulty of access, and challenging (trace) analysis. Little data on POPs exists along South America and the effect of different currents and river plumes on aqueous concentrations. Research cruise KN210-04 (R/V Knorr) offered a unique opportunity to determine POP gradients in air, water, and their air-water exchange along South America, covering both hemispheres. Compounds of interest included polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Remote tropical Atlantic Ocean atmospheric concentrations varied little between both hemispheres; for HCB, BDEs 47 and 99, they were approximately 5 pg/m(3), PCBs were approximately 1 pg/m(3), alpha-HCH was approximately 0.2 pg/m(3), and phenanthrene and other PAHs were in the low 100s pg/m(3). Aqueous concentrations were dominated by PCB 52 (mean 4.1 pg/L), HCB (1.6 pg/L), and beta-HCH (1.9 pg/L), with other compounds <1 pg/L. Target PCBs tended to undergo net volatilization from the surface ocean, while gradients indicated net deposition for a-HCH. In contrast to atmospheric concentrations, which were basically unchanged between hemispheres, we detected strong gradients in aqueous POPs, with mostly nondetects in the tropical western South Atlantic. These results highlight the importance of currents and loss processes on ocean scales for the distribution of POPs"
Keywords:		"*Air Pollutants/analysis Atlantic Ocean Environmental Monitoring *Environmental Pollutants *Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/analysis Oceans and Seas *Pesticides/analysis *Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis Water;"
Notes:		"MedlineLohmann, Rainer Markham, Erin Klanova, Jana Kukucka, Petr Pribylova, Petra Gong, Xiangyi Pockalny, Robert Yanishevsky, Tatyana Wagner, Charlotte C Sunderland, Elsie M eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. 2020/11/06 Environ Sci Technol. 2021 Jul 20; 55(14):9498-9507. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04611. Epub 2020 Nov 5"