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J Chem Ecol

Title:		Plant Volatiles Modulate Immune Responses of Spodoptera litura
Author(s):		Ghosh E; Venkatesan R;
Address:		"National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bengaluru, 560065, India. National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bengaluru, 560065, India. radhika@ncbs.res.in"
Journal Title:		J Chem Ecol
Year:		2019
Volume:		20190806
Issue:		8
Page Number:		715 - 724
DOI:		10.1007/s10886-019-01091-3
ISSN/ISBN:		1573-1561 (Electronic) 0098-0331 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Plants emit a specific blend of volatiles in response to herbivory and these volatiles, which often attract predators and parasitoids function as an indirect plant defense. The impact of plant volatiles in shaping herbivore defenses is unclear. Here, we report that specific plant volatiles induce immune responses in the polyphagous herbivore, Spodoptera litura. We characterized the hemocyte profile and established their functional significance with respect to ontogeny and exposure to specific plant volatiles. Fifth instar larvae showed the highest number and hemocytes diversity. We characterized seven different types of hemocytes, of which granulocytes performed phagocytosis, oenocytoids showed melanization activity, and plasmatocytes along with granulocytes and oenocytoids were found to be involved in encapsulation. Among the six volatiles tested, exposure to (E)-beta-ocimene caused the highest increase in total hemocytes number (THC) followed by linalool and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate exposure. Although THC did not differ between these three volatile treatments, circulating hemocytes diversity varied significantly. (E)-beta-ocimene exposure showed higher number of plasmatocytes and phenol oxidase activity. The interaction of the parasitic wasp Bracon brevicornis with (E)-beta-ocimene exposed larvae was poor in terms of delayed paralysis and lower egg deposition. In choice assays, the wasp showed clear preference towards control larvae indicating (E)-beta-ocimene treatment renders the host unattractive. Hemocyte profiles post-parasitoid exposure and (E)-beta-ocimene treatment were similar indicating cue-based priming. When challenged with Bacillus thuringiensis, linalool exposure resulted in the highest survival as compared to other volatiles. Our results show that specific HIPVs can modulate cellular immunity of S. litura, revealing a new role for HIPVs in tri-trophic interactions"
Keywords:		"Acyclic Monoterpenes Alkenes/pharmacology Animals Behavior, Animal/drug effects Hemocytes/cytology/drug effects/metabolism Herbivory Host-Parasite Interactions Immune System/drug effects/metabolism Larva/physiology Monophenol Monooxygenase/metabolism Mono;"
Notes:		"MedlineGhosh, Enakshi Venkatesan, Radhika eng Ramanujan Fellowship, Early Career Award/SERB, Department of Science and Technology (DST)/ Partner Group Program/Max-Planck-Gesellschaft/ 2019/08/07 J Chem Ecol. 2019 Aug; 45(8):715-724. doi: 10.1007/s10886-019-01091-3. Epub 2019 Aug 6"