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Sci Total Environ

Title:		Removal of personal care compounds from sewage sludge in reed bed container (lysimeter) studies--effects of macrophytes
Author(s):		Chen X; Pauly U; Rehfus S; Bester K;
Address:		"Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Sohngaardsholmsvej 57, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark"
Journal Title:		Sci Total Environ
Year:		2009
Volume:		20090814
Issue:		21
Page Number:		5743 - 5749
DOI:		10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.07.023
ISSN/ISBN:		1879-1026 (Electronic) 0048-9697 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Sludge reed beds have been used for dewatering (draining and evapotranspiration) and mineralisation of sludge in Europe since 1988. Although reed beds are considered as a low cost and low contamination method in reducing volume, breaking down organic matter and increasing the density of sludge, it is not yet clear whether this enhanced biological treatment is suitable for degradation of organic micro-pollutants such as personal care products. Within this project the effect of biological sludge treatment in a reed bed on reducing the concentrations of the fragrances HHCB, AHTN, OTNE was studied as on the bactericide Triclosan. Additionally, the capacity of different macrophytes species to affect the treatment process was examined. Three different macrophyte species were compared: bulrush (Typha latifolia), reed (Phragmites australis) and reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea). They were planted into containers (lysimeters) with a size of 1 m x 1 m x 1 m which were filled with 20 cm gravel at the bottom and 50 cm sludge on top, into which the macrophytes were planted. During the twelve months experiment reduction of 20-30% for HHCB and AHTN, 70% for Triclosan and 70% for OTNE were determined under environmental conditions. The reduction is most likely due to degradation, since volatilization, uptake into plants and leaching are insignificant. No difference between the containers with different macrophyte species or the unplanted containers was observed. Considering the usual operation time of 10 years for reed beds, an assessment was made for the whole life time"
Keywords:		"Biodegradation, Environmental Cosmetics/chemistry/*metabolism Kinetics Poaceae/*metabolism Sewage/*chemistry Typhaceae/*metabolism Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry/*metabolism Water Purification/*methods;"
Notes:		"MedlineChen, Xijuan Pauly, Udo Rehfus, Stefan Bester, Kai eng Comparative Study Evaluation Study Netherlands 2009/08/18 Sci Total Environ. 2009 Oct 15; 407(21):5743-9. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.07.023. Epub 2009 Aug 14"