| Title: | 2-Butanone as a carbon dioxide mimic in attractant blends for the Afrotropical malaria mosquitoes Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus |
| Author(s): | Mburu MM; Mweresa CK; Omusula P; Hiscox A; Takken W; Mukabana WR; |
| Address: | "International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya. School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya. Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands. School of Biological and Physical Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 210, Bondo, 40601, Kenya. Science for Health, P.O. Box 44970, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya. International Centre for Aids Care and Treatment Program, Ministry of Health, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital, P.O. Box 849, Kisumu, 50100, Kenya. International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya. rmukabana@yahoo.co.uk. School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya. rmukabana@yahoo.co.uk. Science for Health, P.O. Box 44970, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya. rmukabana@yahoo.co.uk" |
| DOI: | 10.1186/s12936-017-1998-2 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1475-2875 (Electronic) 1475-2875 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "BACKGROUND: Most odour baits designed to attract host-seeking mosquitoes contain carbon dioxide (CO(2)), which enhances trap catches, given its role as a mosquito flight activator. However, the use of CO(2) is expensive and logistically demanding for prolonged area-wide use. METHODS: This study explored the possibility of replacing organically-produced CO(2) with 2-butanone in odour blends targeting host-seeking malaria mosquitoes. During semi-field and field experiments MM-X traps were baited with a human odour mimic (MB5 blend) plus CO(2) or 2-butanone at varying concentrations. Unbaited traps formed a control. The attraction of Anopheles gambiae s.s., Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus to these differently baited traps was measured and mean catch sizes were compared to determine whether 2-butanone could form a viable replacement for CO(2) for these target species. RESULTS: Under semi-field conditions significantly more female An. gambiae mosquitoes were attracted to a reference attractant blend (MB5 + CO(2)) compared to MB5 without CO(2) (P < 0.001), CO(2) alone (P < 0.001), or a trap without a bait (P < 0.001). Whereas MB5 + CO(2) attracted significantly more mosquitoes than its variants containing MB5 plus different dilutions of 2-butanone (P = 0.001), the pure form (99.5%) and the 1.0% dilution of 2-butanone gave promising results. In the field mean indoor catches of wild female An. gambiae s.l. in traps containing MB5 + CO(2) (5.07 +/- 1.01) and MB5 + 99.5% 2-butanone (3.10 +/- 0.65) did not differ significantly (P = 0.09). The mean indoor catches of wild female An. funestus attracted to traps containing MB5 + CO(2) (3.87 +/- 0.79) and MB5 + 99.5% 2-butanone (3.37 +/- 0.70) were also similar (P = 0.635). Likewise, the mean outdoor catches of An. gambiae and An. funestus associated with MB5 + CO(2) (1.63 +/- 0.38 and 0.53 +/- 0.17, respectively) and MB5 + 99.5% 2-butanone (1.33 +/- 0.32 and 0.40 +/- 0.14, respectively) were not significantly different (P = 0.544 and P = 0.533, respectively). CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that 2-butanone can serve as a good replacement for CO(2) in synthetic blends of attractants designed to attract host-seeking An. gambiae s.l. and An. funestus mosquitoes. This development underscores the possibility of using odour-baited traps (OBTs) for monitoring and surveillance as well as control of malaria vectors and potentially other mosquito species" |
| Keywords: | "Animals Anopheles/*drug effects/*physiology Behavior, Animal/*drug effects Butanones/*pharmacology Carbon Dioxide/*pharmacology Drug Synergism Female Humans Insect Vectors/drug effects/physiology Malaria Mosquito Control/methods Odorants *Pheromones;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineMburu, Monicah M Mweresa, Collins K Omusula, Philemon Hiscox, Alexandra Takken, Willem Mukabana, Wolfgang R eng Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England 2017/08/25 Malar J. 2017 Aug 24; 16(1):351. doi: 10.1186/s12936-017-1998-2" |
