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Sci Total Environ

Title:		Updating emission inventories for vehicular organic gases: Indications from cold-start and temperature effects on advanced technology cars
Author(s):		Zhang Z; Zhao J; Man H; Qi L; Yin H; Lv Z; Jiang Y; Dong J; Zeng M; Cai Z; Luo Z; He K; Liu H;
Address:		"State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. College of Environment and Resource Sciences, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fuzhou 350007, China. State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, College of Eco-environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation, Vehicle Emission Control Center, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China. State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. Electronic address: liu_env@tsinghua.edu.cn"
Journal Title:		Sci Total Environ
Year:		2023
Volume:		20230418
Issue:
Page Number:		163544 -
DOI:		10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163544
ISSN/ISBN:		1879-1026 (Electronic) 0048-9697 (Linking)
Abstract:		"How would the organic gas emission inventories of future urban vehicles change with new features of advanced technology cars? Here, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and intermediate volatile organic compounds (IVOCs) from a fleet of Chinese light-duty gasoline vehicles (LDGVs) were characterized by chassis dynamometer experiments to grasp the key factors affecting future inventory accuracy. Subsequently, the VOC and IVOC emissions of LDGVs in Beijing, China, from 2020 to 2035, were calculated and the spatial-temporal variations were recognized under a scenario of fleet renewal. With the tightening of emission standards (ESs), cold start contributed a larger fraction of the total unified cycle VOC emissions due to the imbalanced emission reductions between operating conditions. It took 757.47 +/- 337.75 km of hot running to equal one cold-start VOC emission for the latest certified vehicles. Therefore, the future tailpipe VOC emissions would be highly dependent on discrete cold start events rather than traffic flows. By contrast, the equivalent distance was shorter and more stable for IVOCs, with an average of 8.69 +/- 4.59 km across the ESs, suggesting insufficient controls. Furthermore, there were log-linear relationships between temperatures and cold-start emissions, and the gasoline direct-injection vehicles performed better adaptability under low temperatures. In the updated emission inventories, the VOC emissions were more effectively reduced than the IVOC emissions. The start emissions of VOCs were estimated to be increasingly dominant, especially in wintertime. By winter 2035, the contribution of VOC start emissions could reach 98.98 % in Beijing, while the fraction of IVOC start emissions would decrease to 59.23 %. Spatially allocation showed that the high emission regions of tailpipe organic gases from LDGVs have transferred from road networks to regions of intense human activities. Our results provide new insights into tailpipe organic gas emissions of gasoline vehicles, and can support future emission inventories and refined assessment of air quality and human health risk"
Keywords:		Cold start Emission inventory Gasoline vehicle IVOCs Spatial allocation VOCs;
Notes:		"PubMed-not-MEDLINEZhang, Zhining Zhao, Junchao Man, Hanyang Qi, Lijuan Yin, Hang Lv, Zhaofeng Jiang, Yuheng Dong, Junjie Zeng, Meng Cai, Zhitao Luo, Zhenyu He, Kebin Liu, Huan eng Netherlands 2023/04/20 Sci Total Environ. 2023 Jul 15; 882:163544. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163544. Epub 2023 Apr 18"