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Sci Total Environ

Title:		"Programmed cell death of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii induced by three cyanobacterial volatiles beta-ionone, limonene and longifolene"
Author(s):		Liu J; Yu Q; Ye B; Zhu K; Yin J; Zheng T; Xu S; Sun Q; Li Y; Zuo Z;
Address:		"State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China. State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China. Electronic address: zuozhaojiang@126.com"
Journal Title:		Sci Total Environ
Year:		2021
Volume:		20201217
Issue:
Page Number:		144539 -
DOI:		10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144539
ISSN/ISBN:		1879-1026 (Electronic) 0048-9697 (Linking)
Abstract:		"beta-Ionone, limonene and longifolene are 3 main components in cyanobacterial volatile organic compounds, which are formed through different pathways and can poison and even kill other algae. To uncover their toxic mechanism from programmed cell death (PCD), the photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence, caspase-like activities, cell size, nuclear variations and DNA ladders were investigated in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii treated with beta-ionone (0.2 mM), limonene (0.2 mM) and longifolene (0.4 mM) at lethal concentration during 24 h. In the treatments with the 3 compounds, the photosynthetic pigments in C. reinhardtii cells gradually degraded, and Fv/Fm gradually decreased and disappeared at 24 h, suggesting that the cell death might be a PCD, due to the physiological activities gradually disappearing. During the cell death, the activities of caspase-9-like and caspase-3-like significantly increased, with the highest at 1 h. With prolonging the treatment time, C. reinhardtii cells gradually shrank, and the nuclei concentrated firstly following by a broken process, with moving to the cell edge. For DNA, obvious ladders were detected at 1 h, and then they gradually degraded to fragments of 100-250 bp at 24 h. These hallmarks suggested that beta-ionone, limonene and longifolene may poison other algae by inducing PCD"
Keywords:		Apoptosis *Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Limonene Norisoprenoids Photosynthesis Sesquiterpenes Cyanobacteria Longifolene Toxic mechanism beta-Ionone;
Notes:		"MedlineLiu, Jialu Yu, Qianpeng Ye, Bingqi Zhu, Kaiqi Yin, Jiawen Zheng, Tiefeng Xu, Sun Sun, Qing Li, Yan Zuo, Zhaojiang eng Netherlands 2020/12/29 Sci Total Environ. 2021 Mar 25; 762:144539. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144539. Epub 2020 Dec 17"