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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Title:		"Rapid, local adaptation of zooplankton behavior to changes in predation pressure in the absence of neutral genetic changes"
Author(s):		Cousyn C; De Meester L; Colbourne JK; Brendonck L; Verschuren D; Volckaert F;
Address:		"Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Ch. De Beriotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium"
Journal Title:		Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Year:		2001
Volume:		20010515
Issue:		11
Page Number:		6256 - 6260
DOI:		10.1073/pnas.111606798
ISSN/ISBN:		0027-8424 (Print) 1091-6490 (Electronic) 0027-8424 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Organisms producing resting stages provide unique opportunities for reconstructing the genetic history of natural populations. Diapausing seeds and eggs often are preserved in large numbers, representing entire populations captured in an evolutionary inert state for decades and even centuries. Starting from a natural resting egg bank of the waterflea Daphnia, we compare the evolutionary rates of change in an adaptive quantitative trait with those in selectively neutral DNA markers, thus effectively testing whether the observed genetic changes in the quantitative trait are driven by natural selection. The population studied experienced variable and well documented levels of fish predation over the past 30 years and shows correlated genetic changes in phototactic behavior, a predator-avoidance trait that is related to diel vertical migration. The changes mainly involve an increased plasticity response upon exposure to predator kairomone, the direction of the changes being in agreement with the hypothesis of adaptive evolution. Genetic differentiation through time was an order of magnitude higher for the studied behavioral trait than for neutral markers (DNA microsatellites), providing strong evidence that natural selection was the driving force behind the observed, rapid, evolutionary changes"
Keywords:		"Adaptation, Physiological/*genetics Alleles Animals Daphnia/*genetics/physiology Escape Reaction Fishes/*metabolism Gene Frequency Microsatellite Repeats Photic Stimulation Population Density Predatory Behavior/physiology Selection, Genetic Time Factors;"
Notes:		"MedlineCousyn, C De Meester, L Colbourne, J K Brendonck, L Verschuren, D Volckaert, F eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2001/05/17 Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 May 22; 98(11):6256-60. doi: 10.1073/pnas.111606798. Epub 2001 May 15"