| Title: | Soybean Cyst Nematodes Influence Aboveground Plant Volatile Signals Prior to Symptom Development |
| Author(s): | Constantino N; Oh Y; Sennik E; Andersen B; Warden M; Oralkan O; Dean RA; |
| Address: | "Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States. Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States. Department of Nuclear Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States. BASF Plant Science, Research Triangle, NC, United States" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1664-462X (Print) 1664-462X (Electronic) 1664-462X (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, is one of the most destructive soybean pests worldwide. Unlike many diseases, SCN doesn't show above ground evidence of disease until several weeks after infestation. Knowledge of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) related to pests and pathogens of foliar tissue is extensive, however, information related to above ground VOCs in response to root damage is lacking. In temporal studies, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of VOCs from the foliar tissues of SCN infested plants yielded 107 VOCs, referred to as Common Plant Volatiles (CPVs), 33 with confirmed identities. Plants showed no significant stunting until 10 days after infestation. Total CPVs increased over time and were significantly higher from SCN infested plants compared to mock infested plants post 7 days after infestation (DAI). Hierarchical clustering analysis of expression ratios (SCN: Mock) across all time points revealed 5 groups, with the largest group containing VOCs elevated in response to SCN infestation. Linear projection of Principal Component Analysis clearly separated SCN infested from mock infested plants at time points 5, 7, 10 and 14 DAI. Elevated Styrene (CPV11), D-Limonene (CPV32), Tetradecane (CPV65), 2,6-Di-T-butyl-4-methylene-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-one (CPV74), Butylated Hydroxytoluene (CPV76) and suppressed Ethylhexyl benzoate (CPV87) levels, were associated with SCN infestation prior to stunting. Our findings demonstrate that SCN infestation elevates the release of certain VOCs from foliage and that some are evident prior to symptom development. VOCs associated with SCN infestations prior to symptom development may be valuable for innovative diagnostic approaches" |
| Keywords: | Gc-ms VOCs early disease detection soybean soybean cyst nematode; |
| Notes: | "PubMed-not-MEDLINEConstantino, Nasie Oh, Yeonyee Sennik, Erdem Andersen, Brian Warden, Michael Oralkan, Omer Dean, Ralph A eng Switzerland 2021/10/19 Front Plant Sci. 2021 Sep 29; 12:749014. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.749014. eCollection 2021" |
