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Sci Rep

Title:		Increased long-term health risks attributable to select volatile organic compounds in residential indoor air in southeast Louisiana
Author(s):		Wickliffe JK; Stock TH; Howard JL; Frahm E; Simon-Friedt BR; Montgomery K; Wilson MJ; Lichtveld MY; Harville E;
Address:		"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2100 #8360, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. jwicklif@tulane.edu. Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center At Houston, 1200 Pressler Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2100 #8360, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA"
Journal Title:		Sci Rep
Year:		2020
Volume:		20201210
Issue:		1
Page Number:		21649 -
DOI:		10.1038/s41598-020-78756-7
ISSN/ISBN:		2045-2322 (Electronic) 2045-2322 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) represent a broad class of chemicals, many of which can be found in indoor air including residential indoor air. VOCs derive from a variety of sources including cleaning products, cooking practices, fragrances and fresheners, hobbies and at-home work behaviors. This study examined residential indoor air in homes (n = 99) in southeast Louisiana using passive organic vapor monitors and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to determine if select VOCs were present, at what concentrations, and if those posed any potential long-term health risks. Twenty-nine VOCs were targeted in cross-sectional analyses using a 48-h sampling period. Twelve VOCs were detected in most of the homes sampled including xylenes, pinenes, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, hexane, pentane, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride. Concentrations of alkanes and BTEX compounds were highly correlated (Spearman's r > 0.63, p < 0.0001). Using health risk measures (i.e. reference concentrations [RfCs] and inhalation unit risks [IURs]) available from the USEPA non-cancer risk assessments and cancer risk assessments were developed for some of these VOCs. Alkanes and BTEX compounds likely come from the same indoor source(s). Using existing health standards published by the USEPA, no unacceptable non-cancer risks were evident except under extremely high concentrations. Lifetime cancer risks, on the other hand, may well be considered unacceptable for chloroform and benzene (upper IUR) and for the combination of chloroform, benzene, and carbon tetrachloride. These exceeded a 1 in 10,000 cancer risk threshold in 35-50% of our simulations. Further study of residential indoor air in low-income women's homes in this area is needed. Including a larger number of VOCs may reveal yet more potential health risks"
Keywords:		"Adolescent Adult Air Pollution, Indoor/*analysis Environmental Monitoring/methods Female Humans Inhalation Exposure/analysis Louisiana Middle Aged Volatile Organic Compounds/*toxicity Young Adult;"
Notes:		"MedlineWickliffe, Jeffrey K Stock, Thomas H Howard, Jessi L Frahm, Ericka Simon-Friedt, Bridget R Montgomery, Krista Wilson, Mark J Lichtveld, Maureen Y Harville, Emily eng U19 ES020677/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ 5U19ES020677/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England 2020/12/12 Sci Rep. 2020 Dec 10; 10(1):21649. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-78756-7"