| Title: | "Ambient Volatile Organic Compound Characterization, Source Apportionment, and Risk Assessment in Three Megacities of China in 2019" |
| Author(s): | Wang Z; Zhang P; Pan L; Qian Y; Li Z; Li X; Guo C; Zhu X; Xie Y; Wei Y; |
| Address: | "State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China. Foreign Environmental Cooperation Centre, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100035, China" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 2305-6304 (Electronic) 2305-6304 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "In order to illustrate pollution characterization, source apportionment, and risk assessment of VOCs in Beijing, Baoding, and Shanghai, field observations of CO, NO, NO(2), O(3,) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were conducted in 2019. Concentrations of VOCs were the highest in Beijing (105.4 +/- 52.1 ppb), followed by Baoding (97.1 +/- 47.5 ppb) and Shanghai (91.1 +/- 41.3 ppb). Concentrations of VOCs were the highest in winter (120.3 +/- 61.5 ppb) among the three seasons tested, followed by summer (98.1 + 50.8 ppb) and autumn (75.5 + 33.4 ppb). Alkenes were the most reactive VOC species in all cities, accounting for 56.0%, 53.7%, and 39.4% of ozone formation potential in Beijing, Baoding, and Shanghai, respectively. Alkenes and aromatics were the reactive species, particularly ethene, propene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, and m/p-xylene. Vehicular exhaust was the principal source in all three cities, accounting for 27.0%, 30.4%, and 23.3% of VOCs in Beijing, Baoding, and Shanghai, respectively. Industrial manufacturing was the second largest source in Baoding (23.6%) and Shanghai (21.3%), and solvent utilization was the second largest source in Beijing (25.1%). The empirical kinetic modeling approach showed that O(3) formation was limited by both VOCs and nitric oxides at Fangshan (the suburban site) and by VOCs at Xuhui (the urban site). Acrolein was the only substance with an average hazard quotient greater than 1, indicating significant non-carcinogenic risk. In Beijing, 1,2-dibromoethane had an R-value of 1.1 x 10(-4) and posed a definite carcinogenic risk" |
| Keywords: | Ekma Pscf VOCs ozone risk assessment source apportionment; |
| Notes: | "PubMed-not-MEDLINEWang, Zhanshan Zhang, Puzhen Pan, Libo Qian, Yan Li, Zhigang Li, Xiaoqian Guo, Chen Zhu, Xiaojing Xie, Yuanyuan Wei, Yongjie eng 2022YFE0209500/National Key R&D Program of China/ Switzerland 2023/08/25 Toxics. 2023 Jul 27; 11(8):651. doi: 10.3390/toxics11080651" |
