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Toxicol Lett

Title:		Firefighters' multiple exposure assessments in practice
Author(s):		Laitinen J; Makela M; Mikkola J; Huttu I;
Address:		"Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, PO Box 310, FI-70101 Kuopio, Finland. Juha.Laitinen@ttl.fi"
Journal Title:		Toxicol Lett
Year:		2012
Volume:		20120616
Issue:		1
Page Number:		129 - 133
DOI:		10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.06.005
ISSN/ISBN:		1879-3169 (Electronic) 0378-4274 (Linking)
Abstract:		"During the past decade, more research has focused on firefighters' multiple exposures via multi-route exposure. Multi-route exposure can alter the kinetics of chemicals; this has brought changes to the recommendations on biomonitoring. In addition, the possibility that the chemicals in smoke have additive and synergistic effects has not been consistently taken into account. In this study, biomonitoring and occupational hygienic measurements were used to determine smoke diving trainers' exposure to smoke in conventional and modern simulators. Biological action limit values (BALs) for 1-hydroxypyrene, linked with the ratio of pyrene to benzo[a]pyrene, were established for conventional and modern simulator types. The additive and synergistic effects for the main compounds detected in the air during the suppression of a fire were also calculated. According to the biomonitoring results, dermal exposure played a role in exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and it seemed to delay the excretion of 1-hydroxypyrene and 1-naphthol. The calculated BALs for 1-hydroxypyrene were 6 nmol/L and 53 nmol/L for the conventional and modern simulators, respectively. The combined cancer and eye disorders or upper respiratory tract irritation effects of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the conventional simulator were from 6.5 to 7.0-fold higher than in the modern simulator"
Keywords:		Drug Interactions Environmental Monitoring/methods *Firefighters Humans Inhalation Exposure/analysis Male Naphthols/pharmacokinetics/urine Occupational Exposure/*analysis Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/analysis/pharmacokinetics Pyrenes/analysis/pharmaco;
Notes:		"MedlineLaitinen, Juha Makela, Mauri Mikkola, Jouni Huttu, Ismo eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Netherlands 2012/06/20 Toxicol Lett. 2012 Aug 13; 213(1):129-33. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.06.005. Epub 2012 Jun 16"