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Environ Pollut

Title:		Exposure to BTEX in buses: The influence of vehicle fuel type
Author(s):		Fontes T; Manso MC; Prata JC; Carvalho M; Silva C; Barros N;
Address:		"INESC TEC - INESC Technology and Science, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. Electronic address: tania.d.fontes@inesctec.pt. FP-ENAS - UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; LAQV, REQUIMTE, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal. FP-ENAS - UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal. FP-ENAS - UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. FP-ENAS - UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal. FP-ENAS - UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Science and Technology, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal"
Journal Title:		Environ Pollut
Year:		2019
Volume:		20190831
Issue:		Pt 1
Page Number:		113100 -
DOI:		10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113100
ISSN/ISBN:		1873-6424 (Electronic) 0269-7491 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Diesel-fueled buses have been replaced by Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) to minimize the high level of emissions in urban areas. However, differences in indoor exposure levels to Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene (BTEX) in those vehicles have not been investigated so far. The primary aim of this study was to determine if passengers are exposed to different BTEX levels when using buses powered by CNG or by diesel, and further explore if indoor levels are influenced by external air quality. For this purpose, BTEX air concentrations were measured in bus cabins (CNG and diesel), parking stations and in a background urban area using passive air samplers. Results showed that BTEX concentrations inside vehicles were higher than outside, but no significant differences were found between buses powered by CNG or by diesel. In CNG vehicles, high and significant positive correlation was found between benzene and the number of journeys in the same route (r(s)?ª+=?ª+0.786, p?ª+
Keywords:		"Air Pollutants/analysis Air Pollution Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis Benzene/*analysis Benzene Derivatives/*analysis Environmental Monitoring/methods Humans Motor Vehicles Natural Gas/*toxicity Toluene/*analysis Vehicle Emissions/*analysis Xylenes/*analys;"
Notes:		"MedlineFontes, Tania Manso, M Conceicao Prata, Joana C Carvalho, Marcia Silva, Claudia Barros, Nelson eng England 2019/09/23 Environ Pollut. 2019 Dec; 255(Pt 1):113100. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113100. Epub 2019 Aug 31"