| Title: | "Organophosphate ester flame retardants in Nepalese soil: Spatial distribution, source apportionment and air-soil exchange assessment" |
| Author(s): | Yadav IC; Devi NL; Li J; Zhang G; |
| Address: | "State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Department of International Environmental and Agricultural Science (IEAS), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), 3-5-8, Saiwai-Cho, Fuchu-Shi, Tokyo 1838509, Japan. Electronic address: icyadav.bhu@gmail.com. Centre for Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, BIT Campus Patna, Bihar 800014, India. State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China" |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.112 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1879-1298 (Electronic) 0045-6535 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Despite soil being the major terrestrial environmental reservoir and one of the significant sinks for many hydrophobic organic compounds including organophosphate ester flame retardants (OPFRs), limited information is available about concentration and fate of OPFRs contamination in urban soil in general and especially in case of Nepal. This study investigates the environmental concentration, spatial distribution and source apportionment of eight OPFRs in surface soil (n = 28) from four major cities of Nepal with special interest on air-soil exchange. Overall, significantly high concentrations of summation operator(8)OPFR were measured in soil ranging from 25-27,900 ng/g dw (median 248 ng/g dw). In terms of compositional pattern, tris(methyl phenyl) phosphate (TMPP) was the most abundant phosphorus chemical in soil, followed by tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP), and accounted for 35-49% and 8-25% of summation operator(8)OPFRs, respectively. The high level of these OPFRs was attributed to local sources as opposed to transboundary influence from remote areas. A Spearman's rank correlation analysis exhibited weak correlation of summation operator(8)OPFRs with TOC (Rho = 0.117, p < 0.05) and BC (Rho = 0.007, p < 0.05), suggesting little or no influence of TOC and BC on the concentration of summation operator(8)OPFRs. The fugacity fraction (ff) results indicated a strong influence of soil contamination on atmospheric level of OPFRs via volatilization" |
| Keywords: | Air Pollutants/analysis/chemistry Air Pollution/analysis Cities Flame Retardants/*analysis Nepal Organophosphates/*analysis Soil/chemistry Soil Pollutants/*analysis/chemistry Volatilization Fugacity fraction OPFRs Risk assessment Soil Soil organic matter; |
| Notes: | "MedlineYadav, Ishwar Chandra Devi, Ningombam Linthoingambi Li, Jun Zhang, Gan eng England 2017/10/07 Chemosphere. 2018 Jan; 190:114-123. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.112. Epub 2017 Sep 25" |
