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Environ Sci Technol

Title:		"Surface irrigation reduces the emission of volatile 1,3-dichloropropene from agricultural soils"
Author(s):		Ashworth DJ; Yates SR;
Address:		"USDA?ARS, United States Salinity Laboratory, 450 West Big Springs Road, Riverside, California, 92507, USA. dashworth@ussl.ars.usda.gov"
Journal Title:		Environ Sci Technol
Year:		2007
Volume:		41
Issue:		7
Page Number:		2231 - 2236
DOI:		10.1021/es062642d
ISSN/ISBN:		0013-936X (Print) 0013-936X (Linking)
Abstract:		"Low-cost, practicable techniques are required to limit the release of volatile organic compound-containing fumigants such as 1,3-D to the atmosphere. In this study, we aimed to quantify 1,3-D diffusion and emission from laboratory soil columns maintained under realistic conditions and thereby assess the efficacy of soil irrigation as a technique for reducing emissions. In two soils (one relatively high, and one relatively low, in organic matter), irrigation led to a limiting of upward diffusion of the fumigant and to the maintenance of higher soil gas concentrations. Therefore, rather than being emitted from the column, the 1,3-D was maintained in the soil where it was ultimately degraded. As a consequence, emission of 1,3-D from the irrigated columns was around half of thatfrom the nonirrigated columns. It is concluded that surface irrigation represents an effective, low-cost, and readily practicable approach to lessening the environmental impact of 1,3-D fumigant use. In addition, the higher organic matter soil exhibited emissions of around one-fifth of the lower organic matter soil in both irrigated and nonirrigated treatments, due to markedly enhanced degradation of the fumigant. Organic matter amendment of soils may, therefore, also represent an extremely effective, relatively low-cost approach to reducing 1,3-D emissions"
Keywords:		"Agriculture/methods Allyl Compounds/*analysis/chemistry California Chromatography, Gas Environmental Pollution/*prevention & control Fresh Water/*chemistry Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated Soil/*analysis Soil Pollutants/*analysis/chemistry Temperature Volatiliza;"
Notes:		"MedlineAshworth, D J Yates, S R eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2007/04/19 Environ Sci Technol. 2007 Apr 1; 41(7):2231-6. doi: 10.1021/es062642d"