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Sci Rep

Title:		Initial defensive secretory compounds emitted from the live millipede and the induction of apoptotic cell death
Author(s):		Taira J; Tamashiro M; Naka K; Gakiya S; Taira K;
Address:		"Department of Bioresources Technology, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, 905 Henoko, Nago-City, Okinawa, 905-2192, Japan. taira@okinawa-ct.ac.jp. Department of Bioresources Technology, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, 905 Henoko, Nago-City, Okinawa, 905-2192, Japan. Okinawa Prefectural Enterprise Bureau, Water Quality Control Office, 1 Ishikawahigashionnazaki, Uruma-City, Okinawa, 904-1108, Japan"
Journal Title:		Sci Rep
Year:		2021
Volume:		20210415
Issue:		1
Page Number:		8222 -
DOI:		10.1038/s41598-021-87390-w
ISSN/ISBN:		2045-2322 (Electronic) 2045-2322 (Linking)
Abstract:		"The initial defensive secretory compounds emitted from a live millipede have not yet been clarified. This study focused on elucidating the initial secretory compounds emitted from a live millipede. Pre-concentration of the defensive secretory volatile organic compounds (VOC) from the live Polidesmida millipedes, Chamberlinius hualienensis and Oxidus gracilis, was performed using a three-stage VOC concentration technique by an on-line GC/MS system. As a result, the monoterpenes derived from the plant metabolite; i.e., alpha-pinene, alpha-thujene, beta-pinene, 3-carene, beta-myrcene, beta-phellandrene, gamma-terpinene, o,m,p-cymenes, limonene and camphene were first detected as the initial secretory substances. It was elucidated that some plant monoterpenes have a repellent effect and antifungal and antibacterial actions which are used as defensive substances. In addition, this study also confirmed that these monoterpenes induced apoptotic cell death involved in the induction of the caspase 3/7 activity. The millipede feeds on fallen or withered leaves containing the monoterpenes. Thus, the millipede accumulates the plant defensive secretions in the exocrine defense glands of the body somites, which would be used as against predators"
Keywords:		Animals Apoptosis/*drug effects Arthropods/*metabolism Cell Death/drug effects Defense Mechanisms Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Mice PC12 Cells RAW 264.7 Cells Rats Secretory Pathway Volatile Organic Compounds/*metabolism/*pharmacology Volatilizati;
Notes:		"MedlineTaira, Junsei Tamashiro, Miki Naka, Kaori Gakiya, Sahori Taira, Kazuyo eng England 2021/04/17 Sci Rep. 2021 Apr 15; 11(1):8222. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87390-w"