| Title: | Markers of Chemical and Microbiological Contamination of the Air in the Sport Centers |
| Author(s): | Szulc J; Okrasa M; Ryngajllo M; Pielech-Przybylska K; Gutarowska B; |
| Address: | "Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, 90-530 Lodz, Poland. Department of Personal Protective Equipment, Central Institute for Labour Protection-National Research Institute, 90-133 Lodz, Poland. Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, 90-573 Lodz, Poland. Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, 90-530 Lodz, Poland" |
| DOI: | 10.3390/molecules28083560 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1420-3049 (Electronic) 1420-3049 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "This study aimed to assess the markers of chemical and microbiological contamination of the air at sport centers (e.g., the fitness center in Poland) including the determination of particulate matter, CO(2), formaldehyde (DustTrak DRX Aerosol Monitor; Multi-functional Air Quality Detector), volatile organic compound (VOC) concentration (headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry), the number of microorganisms in the air (culture methods), and microbial biodiversity (high-throughput sequencing on the Illumina platform). Additionally the number of microorganisms and the presence of SARS-CoV-2 (PCR) on the surfaces was determined. Total particle concentration varied between 0.0445 mg m(-3) and 0.0841 mg m(-3) with the dominance (99.65-99.99%) of the PM(2.5) fraction. The CO(2) concentration ranged from 800 ppm to 2198 ppm, while the formaldehyde concentration was from 0.005 mg/m(3) to 0.049 mg m(-3). A total of 84 VOCs were identified in the air collected from the gym. Phenol, D-limonene, toluene, and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol dominated in the air at the tested facilities. The average daily number of bacteria was 7.17 x 10(2) CFU m(-3)-1.68 x 10(3) CFU m(-3), while the number of fungi was 3.03 x 10(3) CFU m(-3)-7.34 x 10(3) CFU m(-3). In total, 422 genera of bacteria and 408 genera of fungi representing 21 and 11 phyla, respectively, were detected in the gym. The most abundant bacteria and fungi (>1%) that belonged to the second and third groups of health hazards were: Escherichia-Shigella, Corynebacterium, Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Cladosporium, Aspergillus, and Penicillium. In addition, other species that may be allergenic (Epicoccum) or infectious (Acinetobacter, Sphingomonas, Sporobolomyces) were present in the air. Moreover, the SARS-CoV-2 virus was detected on surfaces in the gym. The monitoring proposal for the assessment of the air quality at a sport center includes the following markers: total particle concentration with the PM(2.5) fraction, CO(2) concentration, VOCs (phenol, toluene, and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol), and the number of bacteria and fungi" |
| Keywords: | "*Occupational Exposure/analysis Carbon Dioxide/analysis Air Microbiology *COVID-19/epidemiology SARS-CoV-2 Respiratory Aerosols and Droplets Fungi Bacteria *Mitosporic Fungi Particulate Matter/analysis Phenols/analysis *Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis Envi;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineSzulc, Justyna Okrasa, Malgorzata Ryngajllo, Malgorzata Pielech-Przybylska, Katarzyna Gutarowska, Beata eng The research was carried out within the 'Assessment of biological hazards in sports facilities' project under the 'FU2N - Young Scientists' Skills Improvement Fund' program supporting sci-entific excellence at the Lodz University of Technology/Lodz University of Technology/ Switzerland 2023/04/28 Molecules. 2023 Apr 18; 28(8):3560. doi: 10.3390/molecules28083560" |
