« Previous AbstractThe microevolution of V1r vomeronasal receptor genes in mice    Next AbstractInfluence of hydrophobe on the release behavior of vinyl acetate miniemulsion polymerization »

J Cannabis Res

Title:		Effects of short-term environmental stresses on the onset of cannabinoid production in young immature flowers of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)
Author(s):		Park SH; Pauli CS; Gostin EL; Staples SK; Seifried D; Kinney C; Vanden Heuvel BD;
Address:		"Institute of Cannabis Research, Colorado State University-Pueblo, 2200 Bonforte Blvd., Pueblo, CO, 81001, USA. sanghyuck.park@csupueblo.edu. Department of Biology, Colorado State University-Pueblo, 2200 Bonforte Blvd., Pueblo, CO, 81001, USA. sanghyuck.park@csupueblo.edu. Institute of Cannabis Research, Colorado State University-Pueblo, 2200 Bonforte Blvd., Pueblo, CO, 81001, USA. Department of Biology, Colorado State University-Pueblo, 2200 Bonforte Blvd., Pueblo, CO, 81001, USA. Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University-Pueblo, 2200 Bonforte Blvd., Pueblo, CO, 81001, USA"
Journal Title:		J Cannabis Res
Year:		2022
Volume:		20220104
Issue:		1
Page Number:		1 -
DOI:		10.1186/s42238-021-00111-y
ISSN/ISBN:		2522-5782 (Electronic) 2522-5782 (Linking)
Abstract:		"BACKGROUNDS: Cannabis sativa L. produces at least 120 cannabinoids. Although genetic variation is the main factor in cannabinoid production, the effects of short-term environmental stresses in the early flowering stage remains largely unknown. METHODS: To investigate the effects of short-term environmental stresses on the onset of cannabinoid production in young immature flowers, a hemp variety, Green-Thunder (5-8% CBD/mg of dry weight), was treated with mechanical damage, insect herbivory, extreme heat, or drought stress for 5-7 days during the first 2 weeks of flowering. Three hemp tissues, including flowers, leaves, and stems, were collected from hemp grown under these stress conditions at multiple time points during the first 2 weeks after transition to the short photoperiod and analyzed using high pressure liquid chromatography to quantify phytocannabinoids including cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabidiol (CBD), Delta-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), Delta-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and cannabinol (CBN). RESULTS: The 5 days of mechanical wounding did not affect the production of any of the cannabinoids during the initial stage of flowering. However, after 5 days of herbivore treatment, there was a significant difference in concentration between day 1 and day 6 of CBGA (control: 308 mug/g; treatment - 24 mug/g), CBG (control: 69 mug/g; treatment: 52 mug/g), and CBD (control: 755 mug/g; treatment: 194 mug/g) between the control and treatment plants. The 7 days of heat treatment at 45-50 (o)C significantly reduced the production of CBGA during this observed window (control: 206 mug/g; treatment: 182 mug/g) and CBG (control: 21 mug/g; treatment: - 112 mug/g). Notably, the largest change was observed after 7 days of drought stress, when plants showed a 40% greater accumulation of CBG (control: 336 mug/g; treatment: 622 mug/g), and a significant decrease (70-80%) in CBD (control: 1182 mug/g; treatment: 297 mug/g) and THC amounts (control: 3927 mug/g; treatment: 580 mug/g). CONCLUSIONS: Although this observation is limited in the early flowering stage, the common field stresses are adequate to induce changes in the cannabinoid profiles, particularly drought stress being the most impactful stress for hemp flower initiation with the altering the cannabinoid production by decreasing CBD and THC accumulation while increasing CBG by 40%"
Keywords:		Abiotic stress Biotic stress Cbd Cannabinoids Cannabis sativa Secondary metabolites Thc;
Notes:		"PubMed-not-MEDLINEPark, Sang-Hyuck Pauli, Christopher S Gostin, Eric L Staples, S Kyle Seifried, Dustin Kinney, Chad Vanden Heuvel, Brian D eng England 2022/01/05 J Cannabis Res. 2022 Jan 4; 4(1):1. doi: 10.1186/s42238-021-00111-y"