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FEMS Microbiol Ecol

Title:		Interaction between two invasive organisms on the European chestnut: does the chestnut blight fungus benefit from the presence of the gall wasp?
Author(s):		Meyer JB; Gallien L; Prospero S;
Address:		"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland joana.meyer@wsl.ch. Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland"
Journal Title:		FEMS Microbiol Ecol
Year:		2015
Volume:		20151014
Issue:		11
Page Number:		-
DOI:		10.1093/femsec/fiv122
ISSN/ISBN:		1574-6941 (Electronic) 0168-6496 (Linking)
Abstract:		"The impact of invasive fungal pathogens and pests on trees is often studied individually, thereby omitting possible interactions. In this study the ecological interaction between the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica and the chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus was investigated. We determined if abandoned galls could be colonized by C. parasitica and thereby act as an entry point and a source of pathogen inoculum. Moreover we assessed the identity and diversity of other gall-colonizing fungal species. A total of 1973 galls were randomly sampled from 200 chestnut trees in eight Swiss stands. In a stand C. parasitica was isolated from 0.4-19.2% of the galls. The incidence of C. parasitica on the galls and the fungal diversity significantly increased with the residence time of D. kuriphilus in a stand. All but one C. parasitica cultures were virulent. The predominant fungus isolated from galls was Gnomoniopsis castanea whose abundance influenced negatively that of C. parasitica. This study shows that D. kuriphilus galls can be colonized by virulent strains of the chestnut blight fungus C. parasitica. This can have effects on the chestnut blight incidence even in chestnut stands where the disease is successfully controlled by hypovirulence. The gall wasp presence influences also the fungal species composition on chestnut trees"
Keywords:		Animals Ascomycota/*physiology Fagaceae/*microbiology *Herbivory *Introduced Species Plant Diseases/*microbiology Plant Tumors/microbiology Switzerland Trees/microbiology Wasps/*physiology Castanea sativa Gnomoniopsis castanea biological invasions diversi;
Notes:		"MedlineMeyer, Joana B Gallien, Laure Prospero, Simone eng England 2015/10/17 FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2015 Nov; 91(11):fiv122. doi: 10.1093/femsec/fiv122. Epub 2015 Oct 14"