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Sci Total Environ

Title:		Evaluation and characterization of volatile air toxics indoors in a heavy polluted city of northwestern China in wintertime
Author(s):		Huang Y; Su T; Wang L; Wang N; Xue Y; Dai W; Lee SC; Cao J; Ho SSH;
Address:		"Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics (KLACP), State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Atmospheric and Haze-fog Pollution Prevention, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China. Electronic address: huangyu@ieecas.cn. Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics (KLACP), State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Atmospheric and Haze-fog Pollution Prevention, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong. Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics (KLACP), State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV 89512, United States. Electronic address: stevenho@hkpsrl.org"
Journal Title:		Sci Total Environ
Year:		2019
Volume:		20190122
Issue:
Page Number:		470 - 480
DOI:		10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.250
ISSN/ISBN:		1879-1026 (Electronic) 0048-9697 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Hazardous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and carbonyls were evaluated in typical dwellings in Xi'an in northwestern China in wintertime. High indoor concentrations were observed for formaldehyde, acetone, naphthalene, methylene chloride and acetaldehyde, associated with characteristic pollution sources. In comparison, many of the target VOCs were higher in Chinese dwellings than those in other countries, suggesting the significances of indoor pollutions in China. Source apportionment with receptor model shows that furniture and building materials (44.5%), paints and adhesives (11.9%), household products (17.3%), smoking (14.5%), and cooking (9.8%) are the major contributors to the indoor VOCs and carbonyls. The health risk assessment shows that the cancer risks for formaldehyde (5.73?ª+x?ª+10(-5)), 1,3-butadiene (2.07?ª+x?ª+10(-5)) and 1,2-dichloroethane (1.44?ª+x?ª+10(-5)) were much higher than the acceptable level of 1?ª+x?ª+10(-6) recommended by International Register for Certified Auditors (IRCA). The hazard quotient (HQ) of target VOCs were far less than the threshold (HQ?ª+=?ª+1). Moreover, the practical efficiency of household air purifier in removal of the VOCs and carbonyls was examined first time in dwellings in northern China. The results prove that most of the indoor organic pollutants and their cancer risk to humans can be efficiently reduced, particularly for formaldehyde and 1,3-butadiene. The findings of the study offer useful preliminary and updated information on current indoor air toxics levels, dominant pollution sources and their potential health risks to residents in northwest China"
Keywords:		"Air Pollutants/*analysis Air Pollution, Indoor/*analysis China Cities Environmental Exposure/analysis *Environmental Monitoring Humans Risk Seasons Volatile Organic Compounds/*analysis Carbonyls Health risk Indoor air purifier Indoor air quality Residence;"
Notes:		"MedlineHuang, Yu Su, Ting Wang, Liqin Wang, Nan Xue, Yonggang Dai, Wanting Lee, Shun Cheng Cao, Junji Ho, Steven Sai Hang eng Netherlands 2019/01/30 Sci Total Environ. 2019 Apr 20; 662:470-480. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.250. Epub 2019 Jan 22"