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Sci Total Environ

Title:		Environmental contamination due to shale gas development
Author(s):		Annevelink M; Meesters JAJ; Hendriks AJ;
Address:		"Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research (IWWR), Radboud University (RU), Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research (IWWR), Radboud University (RU), Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: A.J.Hendriks@science.ru.nl"
Journal Title:		Sci Total Environ
Year:		2016
Volume:		20160202
Issue:
Page Number:		431 - 438
DOI:		10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.131
ISSN/ISBN:		1879-1026 (Electronic) 0048-9697 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Shale gas development potentially contaminates both air and water compartments. To assist in governmental decision-making on future explorations, we reviewed scattered information on activities, emissions and concentrations related to shale gas development. We compared concentrations from monitoring programmes to quality standards as a first indication of environmental risks. Emissions could not be estimated accurately because of incomparable and insufficient data. Air and water concentrations range widely. Poor wastewater treatment posed the highest risk with concentrations exceeding both Natural Background Values (NBVs) by a factor 1000-10,000 and Lowest Quality Standards (LQSs) by a factor 10-100. Concentrations of salts, metals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and hydrocarbons exceeded aquatic ecotoxicological water standards. Future research must focus on measuring aerial and aquatic emissions of toxic chemicals, generalisation of experimental setups and measurement technics and further human and ecological risk assessment"
Keywords:		Air Pollutants/analysis *Environmental Monitoring Environmental Pollution/*statistics & numerical data *Natural Gas *Oil and Gas Fields Risk Assessment Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis Aquatic toxicology Chemical concentrations Chemical emission Ecotox;
Notes:		"MedlineAnnevelink, M P J A Meesters, J A J Hendriks, A J eng Review Netherlands 2016/02/05 Sci Total Environ. 2016 Apr 15; 550:431-438. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.131. Epub 2016 Feb 2"