| Title: | Identification and quantification of 11 airborne biochemicals emitted by the brown recluse and another primitive hunting spider using headspace solid-phase microextraction-GC/MS |
| Author(s): | Foulks Z; Parks J; Stoecker W; Kristensen C; Hebets EA; Shi H; |
| Address: | "Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 400 W 11th Street, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA. The Dermatology Center and SpiderTek, Rolla, MO, 65401, USA. SpiderPharm, Yarnell, AZ, 85362, USA. School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA. Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 400 W 11th Street, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA. honglan@mst.edu" |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s00216-021-03626-8 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1618-2650 (Electronic) 1618-2642 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Loxosceles reclusa, or brown recluse spider, is a harmful household spider whose habitat extends throughout the Midwest in the USA and other regions in the world. The pheromones and other biomolecules that facilitate signaling for brown recluses and other spider species are poorly understood. A rapid and sensitive method is needed to analyze airborne spider signaling biomolecules to better understand the structure and function of these biochemicals in order to control the population of the spiders. In this study, we developed a novel headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME)-GC/MS method to analyze potential pheromones and biomolecules emitted by the brown recluse spider. The method is highly selective and sensitive for biomolecule identification and quantification from a single live spider. Using this novel non-destructive HS-SPME-GC/MS technique, we identified 11 airborne biomolecules, including 4-methylquinazoline, dimethyl sulfone, 2-methylpropanoic acid, butanoic acid, hexanal, 3-methylbutanoic acid, 2-methylbutanoic acid, 2,4-dimethylbenzaldehyde, 2-phenoxyethanol, and citral (contains both isomers of neral and geranial). Some of these airborne biomolecules were also reported as semiochemicals associated with biological functions of other spiders and insects. The method was also applied to study the airborne biochemicals of Plectreurys tristis, another primitive hunting spider with a poor web, enabling quantitation of the same compounds and demonstrating a difference in signaling molecule concentrations between the two species. This method has potential application in the study of pheromones and biological signaling in other species, which allows for the possibility of utilizing attractant or deterrent functions to limit household populations of harmful species" |
| Keywords: | Animals Ecosystem Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods Pheromones/*analysis Solid Phase Microextraction/methods Spiders/*chemistry Loxosceles reclusa Non-destructive Pheromone Plectreurys tristis Semiochemical Solid-phase microextraction-GC/MS; |
| Notes: | "MedlineFoulks, Zachary Parks, Jennifer Stoecker, William Kristensen, Charles Hebets, Eileen A Shi, Honglan eng 00062712/Ozark Biomedical Initiative/ Germany 2021/09/04 Anal Bioanal Chem. 2021 Nov; 413(26):6605-6615. doi: 10.1007/s00216-021-03626-8. Epub 2021 Sep 2" |
