| Title: | Induction of Phlorotannins and Gene Expression in the Brown Macroalga Fucus vesiculosus in Response to the Herbivore Littorina littorea |
| Author(s): | Emeline CB; Ludovic D; Laurent V; Catherine L; Kruse I; Erwan AG; Florian W; Philippe P; |
| Address: | "Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), CNRS, Sorbonne Universite, UMR 8227, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, Brittany, France. International Research Laboratory IRL 3614, CNRS, Sorbonne Universite, PUC, UACH, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, EBEA, Station Biologique, 29680 Roscoff, Brittany, France. Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research (GEOMAR), Dusternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany. Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin, UBO European Institute for Marine Studies IUEM, University of Brest-Western Brittany, UMR 6539 LEMAR, Technopole Brest Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzane, Brittany, France" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1660-3397 (Electronic) 1660-3397 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Mechanisms related to the induction of phlorotannin biosynthesis in marine brown algae remain poorly known. Several studies undertaken on fucoid species have shown that phlorotannins accumulate in the algae for several days or weeks after being exposed to grazing, and this is measured by direct quantification of soluble phenolic compounds. In order to investigate earlier inducible responses involved in phlorotannin metabolism, Fucus vesiculosus was studied between 6 and 72 h of grazing by the sea snail Littorina littorea. In this study, the quantification of soluble phenolic compounds was complemented by a Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) approach applied on genes that are potentially involved in either the phlorotannin metabolism or stress responses. Soluble phlorotannin levels remained stable during the kinetics and increased significantly only after 12 h in the presence of grazers, compared to the control, before decreasing to the initial steady state for the rest of the kinetics. Under grazing conditions, the expression of vbpo, cyp450 and ast6 genes was upregulated, respectively, at 6 h, 12 h and 24 h, and cyp450 gene was downregulated after 72 h. Interestingly, the pksIII gene involved in the synthesis of phloroglucinol was overexpressed under grazing conditions after 24 h and 72 h. This study supports the hypothesis that phlorotannins are able to provide an inducible chemical defense under grazing activity, which is regulated at different stages of the stress response" |
| Keywords: | "Animals Fucus/*genetics/*metabolism Gastropoda/*physiology Gene Expression Regulation *Herbivory Kinetics Stress, Physiological/*genetics Tannins/*biosynthesis Fucus vesiculosus gene expression grazing inducible defense phlorotannins;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineEmeline, Creis Bendelac Ludovic, Delage Laurent, Vallet Catherine, Leblanc Kruse, Inken Erwan, Ar Gall Florian, Weinberger Philippe, Potin eng ANR-10-BTBR-04/Agence Nationale de la Recherche/ ARED SYNTHALG n degrees 7010/Conseil Regional de Bretagne/ Switzerland 2021/04/04 Mar Drugs. 2021 Mar 26; 19(4):185. doi: 10.3390/md19040185" |
