| Title: | Associations of primary and secondary organic aerosols with airway and systemic inflammation in an elderly panel cohort |
| Author(s): | Delfino RJ; Staimer N; Tjoa T; Arhami M; Polidori A; Gillen DL; George SC; Shafer MM; Schauer JJ; Sioutas C; |
| Address: | "Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617-7555, USA. rdelfino@uci.edu" |
| DOI: | 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181f20e6c |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1531-5487 (Electronic) 1044-3983 (Print) 1044-3983 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "BACKGROUND: Exposure-response information about particulate air-pollution constituents is needed to protect sensitive populations. Particulate matter <2.5 mm (PM2.5) components may induce oxidative stress through reactive-oxygen-species generation, including primary organics from combustion sources and secondary organics from photochemically oxidized volatile organic compounds. We evaluated differences in airway versus systemic inflammatory responses to primary versus secondary organic particle components, particle size fractions, and the potential of particles to induce cellular production of reactive oxygen species. METHODS: A total of 60 elderly subjects contributed up to 12 weekly measurements of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (NO; airway inflammation biomarker), and plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6; systemic inflammation biomarker). PM2.5 mass fractions were PM0.25 (<0.25 mum) and PM0.25-2.5 (0.25-2.5 mum). Primary organic markers included PM2.5 primary organic carbon, and PM0.25 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and hopanes. Secondary organic markers included PM2.5 secondary organic carbon, and PM0.25 water soluble organic carbon and n-alkanoic acids. Gaseous pollutants included carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx; combustion emissions markers), and ozone (O3; photochemistry marker). To assess PM oxidative potential, we exposed rat alveolar macrophages in vitro to aqueous extracts of PM0.25 filters and measured reactive-oxygen-species production. Biomarker associations with exposures were evaluated with mixed-effects models. RESULTS: Secondary organic markers, PM0.25-2.5, and O3 were positively associated with exhaled NO. Primary organic markers, PM0.25, CO, and NOx were positively associated with IL-6. Reactive oxygen species were associated with both outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Particle effects on airway versus systemic inflammation differ by composition, but overall particle potential to induce generation of cellular reactive oxygen species is related to both outcomes" |
| Keywords: | "*Aerosols Aged Aged, 80 and over Air Pollutants/*toxicity Bronchi/*drug effects/metabolism/pathology Cohort Studies Female Humans Inflammation/*chemically induced Longitudinal Studies Male Organic Chemicals/*toxicity Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism Sys;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineDelfino, Ralph J Staimer, Norbert Tjoa, Thomas Arhami, Mohammad Polidori, Andrea Gillen, Daniel L George, Steven C Shafer, Martin M Schauer, James J Sioutas, Constantinos eng R01 ES012243/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ HL070645/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ M01 RR00827/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ M01 RR000827/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ ES12243/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ R01 HL070645/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. 2010/09/03 Epidemiology. 2010 Nov; 21(6):892-902. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181f20e6c" |
