| Title: | Reductions in commuter exposure to volatile organic compounds in Mexico City due to the environmental program ProAire2002-2010 |
| Author(s): | Shinohara N; Angeles F; Basaldud R; Cardenas B; Wakamatsu S; |
| Address: | "Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability (RISS), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan. National Institute of Ecology and Climate Change (INECC), The Secretariat of Environment and Natural Resources (SEMARNAT), Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, Delegacion Iztapalapa, DF Mexico CP 09340, Mexico. Bonampak 56 Benito Juarez Ciudad de Mexico 03600, Mexico. Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 10-13 Dogo-Himata, Matsuyama, Ehime Prefecture 790-8577, Japan" |
| Journal Title: | J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1559-064X (Electronic) 1559-0631 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "We investigated commuter exposure to volatile organic compounds in the metropolitan area of Mexico City in 2011 in private car, microbus, bus, metro, metrobus, and trolley bus. A similar survey was conducted in 2002 before initiation of the ProAire2002-2010 program aimed at reducing air pollution. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m/p-xylene, and o-xylene were sampled while traveling during the morning rush hour in May 2011. Compared with the 2002 survey, in-vehicle concentrations were substantially lower in 2011, except for formaldehyde in microbuses (35% higher than in 2002). The reductions were 17-42% (except microbuses), 25-44%, 41-61%, 43-61%, 71-79%, 80-91%, and 79-93% for formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m/p-xylene, and o-xylene, respectively. These reductions are considered to be the outcome of some of the actions in the ProAire2002-2010 program. In some microbuses, use of liquid petroleum gas may have increased in-vehicle formaldehyde concentrations. The reduction in predicted excess cancer incidence of commuters because of ProAire2002-2010 was estimated to be 1.4 cases/yr. In addition, if every microbus commuter changed their transport mode to bus, metro, or metrobus in the future, the estimated excess cancer incidence of commuters could be further decreased from 6.4 to 0.88-2.2 cases/year" |
| Keywords: | Air Pollutants/*analysis Air Pollution/*analysis Cities Environmental Exposure/prevention & control Environmental Monitoring Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Health Promotion/methods Humans Mexico/epidemiology Neoplasms/chemically induced/epidemiology; |
| Notes: | "MedlineShinohara, Naohide Angeles, Felipe Basaldud, Roberto Cardenas, Beatriz Wakamatsu, Shinji eng Comparative Study 2016/06/16 J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2017 May; 27(3):339-345. doi: 10.1038/jes.2016.31. Epub 2016 Jun 15" |
