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Diagnostics (Basel)

Title:		Sensing Technologies for Detection of Acetone in Human Breath for Diabetes Diagnosis and Monitoring
Author(s):		Saasa V; Malwela T; Beukes M; Mokgotho M; Liu CP; Mwakikunga B;
Address:		"DST/CSIR, PO BOX 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa. vsaasa@csir.co.za. Departmentof Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa. vsaasa@csir.co.za. DST/CSIR, PO BOX 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa. tmalwela@csir.co.za. Departmentof Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa. mervyn.beukes@up.ac.za. Department of Biochemistry, University of Limpopo, P/Bag x1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa. Matlou.mokgotho@ul.ac.za. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. cpliu@mail.ncku.edu.tw. DST/CSIR, PO BOX 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa. bmwakikunga@csir.co.za"
Journal Title:		Diagnostics (Basel)
Year:		2018
Volume:		20180131
Issue:		1
Page Number:		-
DOI:		10.3390/diagnostics8010012
ISSN/ISBN:		2075-4418 (Print) 2075-4418 (Electronic) 2075-4418 (Linking)
Abstract:		"The review describes the technologies used in the field of breath analysis to diagnose and monitor diabetes mellitus. Currently the diagnosis and monitoring of blood glucose and ketone bodies that are used in clinical studies involve the use of blood tests. This method entails pricking fingers for a drop of blood and placing a drop on a sensitive area of a strip which is pre-inserted into an electronic reading instrument. Furthermore, it is painful, invasive and expensive, and can be unsafe if proper handling is not undertaken. Human breath analysis offers a non-invasive and rapid method for detecting various volatile organic compounds thatare indicators for different diseases. In patients with diabetes mellitus, the body produces excess amounts of ketones such as acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetone. Acetone is exhaled during respiration. The production of acetone is a result of the body metabolising fats instead of glucose to produce energy. There are various techniques that are used to analyse exhaled breath including Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS), Selected Ion Flow Tube-Mass Spectrometry (SIFT-MS), laser photoacoustic spectrometry and so on. All these techniques are not portable, therefore this review places emphasis on how nanotechnology, through semiconductor sensing nanomaterials, has the potential to help individuals living with diabetes mellitus monitor their disease with cheap and portable devices"
Keywords:		acetone detection breath analysis chemoresistivesensors diabetes mellitus nanomaterials non-invasive diagnosis;
Notes:		"PubMed-not-MEDLINESaasa, Valentine Malwela, Thomas Beukes, Mervyn Mokgotho, Matlou Liu, Chaun-Pu Mwakikunga, Bonex eng Review Switzerland 2018/02/01 Diagnostics (Basel). 2018 Jan 31; 8(1):12. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics8010012"