| Title: | Spatial-temporal variations and source contributions to forest ozone exposure in China |
| Author(s): | Qiao X; Wang P; Zhang J; Zhang H; Tang Y; Hu J; Ying Q; |
| Address: | "Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China. Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA. Department of Environment, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China. Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China. Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. Electronic address: qying@tamu.edu" |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.106 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1879-1026 (Electronic) 0048-9697 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "As surface ozone (O(3)) concentrations have significantly increased in many regions of China, it is concerned that O(3) may cause negative impacts on forests in the country. To estimate the risks of O(3) exposure to forest health, several frequently used O(3) exposure indices (M7, M24, N100, SUM60, W126, and AOT40f) were calculated for the entire year of 2013 and the source contributions to exposure in April and August were quantified using a source-oriented version of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Critical loads for natural ecosystems (12?ª+ppm-h for SUM60) and for moderately sensitive plant species (23.8?ª+ppm-h for W126) are exceeded in 85% and 75% of the forest areas in China, respectively. About 90% of the forest areas have AOT40f higher than the critical load of 10?ª+ppm-h. Forests in the western rim of the Sichuan Basin (WSCB), parts of the southern rim of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (SQTP), Yunnan Province, and the North China Plain (NCP) have higher O(3) exposure than that of other areas. In spring, transport of O(3) and precursors from Southeast Asia have significant contributions to O(3) exposure for forests in Yunnan, SQTP and to a less extent in WSCB. In both spring and summer, industries and transportation sectors have large contributions to O(3) exposure along the WSCB and in the NCP. A higher priority in future field investigations to assess O(3) impacts on forests in China should be given to these regions. The results also suggest that O(3) production in China is much more due to nitrogen oxides (NO(x)) than due to volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In order to protect China's forest from O(3), it would be most efficient to reduce NO(x) emissions from industries, transportation, and other countries in general" |
| Keywords: | Air pollution Critical load Nature reserve Southeast Asia Tree; |
| Notes: | "PubMed-not-MEDLINEQiao, Xue Wang, Peng Zhang, Jie Zhang, Hongliang Tang, Ya Hu, Jianlin Ying, Qi eng Netherlands 2019/04/21 Sci Total Environ. 2019 Jul 15; 674:189-199. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.106. Epub 2019 Apr 9" |
