| Title: | Spider Mites Cause More Damage to Tomato in the Dark When Induced Defenses Are Lower |
| Author(s): | Liu J; Chafi R; Legarrea S; Alba JM; Meijer T; Menken SBJ; Kant MR; |
| Address: | "Section Molecular and Chemical Ecology, Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China. Section Molecular and Chemical Ecology, Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. m.kant@uva.nl" |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s10886-020-01195-1 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1573-1561 (Electronic) 0098-0331 (Print) 0098-0331 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Plants have evolved robust mechanisms to cope with incidental variation (e.g. herbivory) and periodical variation (e.g. light/darkness during the day-night cycle) in their environment. It has been shown that a plant's susceptibility to pathogens can vary during its day-night cycle. We demonstrated earlier that the spider mite Tetranychus urticae induces jasmonate- and salicylate-mediated defenses in tomato plants while the spider mite T. evansi suppresses these defenses probably by secreting salivary effector proteins. Here we compared induction/suppression of plant defenses; the expression of mite-effector genes and the amount of damage due to mite feeding during the day and during the night. T. urticae feeding upregulated the expression of jasmonate and salicylate marker-genes albeit significantly higher under light than under darkness. Some of these marker-genes were also upregulated by T. evansi-feeding albeit to much lower levels than by T. urticae-feeding. The expression of effector 28 was not affected by light or darkness in either mite species. However, the expression of effector 84 was considerably higher under light, especially for T. evansi. Finally, while T. evansi produced overall more feeding damage than T. urticae both mites produced consistently more damage during the dark phase than under light. Our results suggest that induced defenses are subject to diurnal variation possibly causing tomatoes to incur more damage due to mite-feeding during the dark phase. We speculate that mites, but especially T. evansi, may relax effector production during the dark phase because under these conditions the plant's ability to upregulate defenses is reduced" |
| Keywords: | Animals Cyclopentanes/*metabolism Darkness Feeding Behavior Female Gene Expression *Herbivory Solanum lycopersicum/genetics/immunology/*physiology Oxylipins/*metabolism Plant Immunity/*genetics Plant Leaves/metabolism Salicylic Acid/*metabolism Species Sp; |
| Notes: | "MedlineLiu, Jie Chafi, Rachid Legarrea, Saioa Alba, Juan M Meijer, Tomas Menken, Steph B J Kant, Merijn R eng STW-VIDI/13492/Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek/ STW-GAP/13550/Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek/ 773 902-SuperPests/Horizon 2020/ 2020/06/27 J Chem Ecol. 2020 Jul; 46(7):631-641. doi: 10.1007/s10886-020-01195-1. Epub 2020 Jun 26" |
