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J Dairy Sci

Title:		Using behavioral observations in freestalls and at milking to improve pain detection in dairy cows after lipopolysaccharide-induced clinical mastitis
Author(s):		Ginger L; Ledoux D; Bouchon M; Rautenbach I; Bagnard C; Lurier T; Foucras G; Germon P; Durand D; de Boyer des Roches A;
Address:		"Universite Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, 63122 Saint-Genes-Champanelle, France. INRAE, Herbipole, 63122 Saint-Genes-Champanelle, France. Universite de Lyon, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR EPIA, 69280 Marcy-l'Etoile, France; Universite Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR EPIA, 63122 Saint-Genes-Champanelle, France. Universite de Toulouse, ENVT, INRAE, IHAP, 31076 Toulouse, France. INRAE, UMR ISP, Universite Francois Rabelais de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France. Universite Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, 63122 Saint-Genes-Champanelle, France. Electronic address: alice.deboyerdesroches@vetagro-sup.fr"
Journal Title:		J Dairy Sci
Year:		2023
Volume:		20230601
Issue:		8
Page Number:		5606 - 5625
DOI:		10.3168/jds.2022-22533
ISSN/ISBN:		1525-3198 (Electronic) 0022-0302 (Linking)
Abstract:		"This study aimed to determine the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mastitis with or without nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) on dairy cows' clinical, physiological, and behavioral responses in the milking parlor and freestalls as well as the specificity (Sp) and sensitivity (Se) of behavioral responses in detecting cows with LPS-induced mastitis. Twenty-seven cows received an intramammary infusion of 25 microg of Escherichia coli LPS in 1 healthy quarter. Following LPS infusion, 14 cows received a placebo (LPS cows), and 13 cows received 3 mg/kg of body weight of ketoprofen i.m. (LPS+NSAID cows). Cow response to the challenge was monitored at regular intervals from 24 h before to 48 h postinfusion (hpi) through direct clinical observations, markers of inflammation in milk, and via point-in-time direct behavioral observations in the barn and at milking. In LPS cows, infusion induced a significant increase of plasma cortisol levels at 3 and 8 hpi, milk cortisol levels at 8 hpi, somatic cell counts from 8 to 48 hpi, IL-6 and IL-8 at 8 hpi, milk amyloid A (mAA) and haptoglobin at 8 and 24 hpi, rectal temperature at 8 hpi, and respiratory rate at 8 hpi. Their rumen motility rate decreased at 8 and 32 hpi. Compared with before the challenge, significantly more LPS cows stopped feeding/ruminating and pressed their tail between their legs at 3 and 5 hpi, increased feeding/ruminating at 24 hpi, and had the tendency to be less responsive, dropping their head, and dropping their ears at 5 hpi. At milking, compared with before challenge, significantly more LPS cows lifted their hooves at forestripping at 8 hpi. The 2 groups showed similar patterns of response for milk cortisol, somatic cell count, respiratory rate, mAA, haptoglobin, and IL-6, IL-1beta, and IL-8. Compared with LPS cows, LPS+NSAID cows had significantly lower plasma cortisol levels at 3 hpi, their rectal temperature decreased at 8 hpi, their rumen motility rate increased at 8 and 32 hpi, and their heart rate increased at 32 hpi. Compared with LPS cows, a significantly larger proportion of LPS+NSAID cows were feeding/ruminating, a lower proportion had ears down at 5 hpi, and a larger proportion lied down at 24 hpi. At milking, whatever the phase of milking, for 'hoof to belly,' 9 out of 14 cows did not show this behavior before infusion (Sp = 64%) and 14/14 did not kick during pre-infusion milking (Sp = 100%). Regarding sensitivity, at maximum, 5 cows out of 14 (Se = 36%) displayed 'hoof to belly' after infusion. For 'lifting hoof,' 14/14 did not show hoof-lifting before infusion (Sp = 100%) and 6/14 displayed it after infusion (Se = 43%) at forestripping only. In the freestall barn, 9 behaviors had a Sp >75% (at minimum, 10/14 did not show the behavior) whatever the time point but Se < 60% (at maximum, 8/14 displayed the behavior). Finally, 'absence of feeding and ruminating' had Sp of 86% (12/14 ate/ruminated) and Se of 71% (10/14 did not eat/ruminate) at 5 hpi. This study shows that feeding/ruminating, tail position, and reactivity at forestripping could be used as behavioral indictors for early detection of mastitis-related pain in dairy cows"
Keywords:		"Female Cattle Animals Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology Interleukin-8/adverse effects Hydrocortisone Haptoglobins Behavior Observation Techniques Interleukin-6 *Mastitis, Bovine/drug therapy Pain/drug therapy/veterinary Milk Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-S;"
Notes:		"MedlineGinger, L Ledoux, D Bouchon, M Rautenbach, I Bagnard, C Lurier, T Foucras, G Germon, P Durand, D de Boyer des Roches, A eng 2023/06/03 J Dairy Sci. 2023 Aug; 106(8):5606-5625. doi: 10.3168/jds.2022-22533. Epub 2023 Jun 1"