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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Title:		Plant mating system transitions drive the macroevolution of defense strategies
Author(s):		Campbell SA; Kessler A;
Address:		"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. sac73@cornell.edu"
Journal Title:		Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Year:		2013
Volume:		20130219
Issue:		10
Page Number:		3973 - 3978
DOI:		10.1073/pnas.1213867110
ISSN/ISBN:		1091-6490 (Electronic) 0027-8424 (Print) 0027-8424 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Understanding the factors that shape macroevolutionary patterns in functional traits is a central goal of evolutionary biology. Alternative strategies of sexual reproduction (inbreeding vs. outcrossing) have divergent effects on population genetic structure and could thereby broadly influence trait evolution. However, the broader evolutionary consequences of mating system transitions remain poorly understood, with the exception of traits related to reproduction itself (e.g., pollination). Across a phylogeny of 56 wild species of Solanaceae (nightshades), we show here that the repeated, unidirectional transition from ancestral self-incompatibility (obligate outcrossing) to self-compatibility (increased inbreeding) leads to the evolution of an inducible (vs. constitutive) strategy of plant resistance to herbivores. We demonstrate that inducible and constitutive defense strategies represent evolutionary alternatives and that the magnitude of the resulting macroevolutionary tradeoff is dependent on the mating system. Loss of self-incompatibility is also associated with the evolution of increased specificity in induced plant resistance. We conclude that the evolution of sexual reproductive variation may have profound effects on plant-herbivore interactions, suggesting a new hypothesis for the evolution of two primary strategies of plant defense"
Keywords:		"Animals *Biological Evolution Genetics, Population Herbivory Inbreeding Manduca/physiology Models, Biological Reproduction Solanaceae/*genetics/*physiology;"
Notes:		"MedlineCampbell, Stuart A Kessler, Andre eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. 2013/02/23 Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Mar 5; 110(10):3973-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1213867110. Epub 2013 Feb 19"