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Environ Health Perspect

Title:		"Outdoor, indoor, and personal exposure to VOCs in children"
Author(s):		Adgate JL; Church TR; Ryan AD; Ramachandran G; Fredrickson AL; Stock TH; Morandi MT; Sexton K;
Address:		"Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 520 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. jadgate@umn.edu"
Journal Title:		Environ Health Perspect
Year:		2004
Volume:		112
Issue:		14
Page Number:		1386 - 1392
DOI:		10.1289/ehp.7107
ISSN/ISBN:		0091-6765 (Print) 1552-9924 (Electronic) 0091-6765 (Linking)
Abstract:		"We measured volatile organic compound (VOC) exposures in multiple locations for a diverse population of children who attended two inner-city schools in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Fifteen common VOCs were measured at four locations: outdoors (O), indoors at school (S), indoors at home (H), and in personal samples (P). Concentrations of most VOCs followed the general pattern O approximately equal to S < P less than or equal to H across the measured microenvironments. The S and O environments had the smallest and H the largest influence on personal exposure to most compounds. A time-weighted model of P exposure using all measured microenvironments and time-activity data provided little additional explanatory power beyond that provided by using the H measurement alone. Although H and P concentrations of most VOCs measured in this study were similar to or lower than levels measured in recent personal monitoring studies of adults and children in the United States, p-dichlorobenzene was the notable exception to this pattern, with upper-bound exposures more than 100 times greater than those found in other studies of children. Median and upper-bound H and P exposures were well above health benchmarks for several compounds, so outdoor measurements likely underestimate long-term health risks from children's exposure to these compounds"
Keywords:		"Air Pollutants/*analysis Air Pollution, Indoor/*analysis Child Environmental Monitoring Ethnicity Female Humans Male Minnesota Organic Chemicals/analysis Risk Assessment Urban Population Volatilization;"
Notes:		"MedlineAdgate, John L Church, Timothy R Ryan, Andrew D Ramachandran, Gurumurthy Fredrickson, Ann L Stock, Thomas H Morandi, Maria T Sexton, Ken eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. 2004/10/09 Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Oct; 112(14):1386-92. doi: 10.1289/ehp.7107"