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Environ Sci Technol

Title:		A forward osmosis-membrane distillation hybrid process for direct sewer mining: system performance and limitations
Author(s):		Xie M; Nghiem LD; Price WE; Elimelech M;
Address:		"Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong , Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia"
Journal Title:		Environ Sci Technol
Year:		2013
Volume:		20131115
Issue:		23
Page Number:		13486 - 13493
DOI:		10.1021/es404056e
ISSN/ISBN:		1520-5851 (Electronic) 0013-936X (Linking)
Abstract:		"This study demonstrates the robustness and treatment capacity of a forward osmosis (FO)-membrane distillation (MD) hybrid system for small-scale decentralized sewer mining. A stable water flux was realized using a laboratory-scale FO-MD hybrid system operating continuously with raw sewage as the feed at water recovery up to 80%. The hybrid system also showed an excellent capacity for the removal of trace organic contaminants (TrOCs), with removal rates ranging from 91 to 98%. The results suggest that TrOC transport through the FO membrane is governed by 'solute-membrane' interaction, whereas that through the MD membrane is strongly correlated to TrOC volatility. Concentrations of organic matter and TrOCs in the draw solution increased substantially as the water recovery increased. This accumulation of some contaminants in the draw solution is attributed to the difference in their rejection by the FO and MD systems. We demonstrate that granular activated carbon adsorption or ultraviolet oxidation could be used to prevent contaminant accumulation in the draw solution, resulting in near complete rejection (>99.5%) of TrOCs"
Keywords:		"Adsorption Charcoal/chemistry Distillation/instrumentation/methods *Membranes, Artificial *Osmosis *Sewage Solutions/chemistry Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis Waste Disposal, Fluid/*methods Water Purification/*methods *Water Supply;"
Notes:		"MedlineXie, Ming Nghiem, Long D Price, William E Elimelech, Menachem eng Evaluation Study Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2013/11/19 Environ Sci Technol. 2013; 47(23):13486-93. doi: 10.1021/es404056e. Epub 2013 Nov 15"