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Sci Total Environ

Title:		"Compositions, sources, and potential health risks of volatile organic compounds in the heavily polluted rural North China Plain during the heating season"
Author(s):		Xie G; Chen H; Zhang F; Shang X; Zhan B; Zeng L; Mu Y; Mellouki A; Tang X; Chen J;
Address:		"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China. Electronic address: hui_chen@fudan.edu.cn. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Acadamy of Environment Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China. School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100071, China. Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China. Institut de Combustion, Aerothermique, Reactivite et Environnement, CNRS, 45071 Orleans cedex 02, France. IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China. Electronic address: jmchen@fudan.edu.cn"
Journal Title:		Sci Total Environ
Year:		2021
Volume:		20210523
Issue:
Page Number:		147956 -
DOI:		10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147956
ISSN/ISBN:		1879-1026 (Electronic) 0048-9697 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Severe volatile organic compound (VOC) pollution has become an urgent problem during the heating season in the North China Plain (NCP), as exposure to hazardous VOCs can lead to chronic or acute diseases. A campaign with online VOC measurements was conducted at a rural site in Wangdu, NCP during the 2018 heating season to characterize the compositions and associated sources of VOCs and to assess their potential health risks. The total concentration of VOCs with 94 identified species was 77.21 +/- 54.39 ppb. Seven source factors were identified by non-negative matrix factorization, including coal combustion (36.1%), LPG usage (21.1%), solvent usage (13.9%), biomass burning and secondary formation (14.2%), background (7.0%), industrial emissions (4.5%), and vehicle emissions (3.3%). The point estimate approach and Monte Carlo simulation were used to estimate the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of harzadous VOCs. The results showed that the cumulative health risk of VOCs was above the safety level. Acrolein, 1.2-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloropropane, chloroform, 1,3-butadiene, and benzene were identified as the key hazardous VOCs in Wangdu. Benzene had the highest average carcinogenic risk. Solvent usage and secondary formation were the dominant sources of adverse health effects. During the Spring Festival, most sources were sharply reduced; and VOC concentration declined by 49%. However, coal and biomass consumptions remained relatively large, probably due to heating demand. This study provides important references for the control strategies of VOCs during the heating season in heavily polluted rural areas in the NCP"
Keywords:		*Air Pollutants/analysis China Environmental Monitoring Heating Seasons *Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis Hazardous volatile organic compounds Health risk assessment The North China Plain The heating season;
Notes:		"MedlineXie, Guangzhao Chen, Hui Zhang, Fei Shang, Xiaona Zhan, Bixin Zeng, Limin Mu, Yujing Mellouki, Abdelwahid Tang, Xu Chen, Jianmin eng Netherlands 2021/05/31 Sci Total Environ. 2021 Oct 1; 789:147956. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147956. Epub 2021 May 23"