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Sci Total Environ

Title:		Exchange of organic solvents between the atmosphere and grass--the use of open top chambers
Author(s):		Binnie J; Cape JN; Mackie N; Leith ID;
Address:		"Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Scotland, UK"
Journal Title:		Sci Total Environ
Year:		2002
Volume:		285
Issue:		1-Mar
Page Number:		53 - 67
DOI:		10.1016/s0048-9697(01)00894-4
ISSN/ISBN:		0048-9697 (Print) 0048-9697 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Volatile organic compounds (VOC) are of increasing environmental significance as a result of continually increasing volumes of traffic on European roads. An open-top chamber fumigation system has been devised to investigate how these contaminants transfer between the atmosphere and the ground, and how they partition between and within air-plant-soil systems. Variation in chamber temperature, solar radiation in the chamber and chamber flow rate were identified as factors that affected final air concentrations. These were assessed and quantified for all individual chambers used--effectively characterising each chamber. The real-life VOC concentrations generated were stable and readily reproducible. Grass exposed to benzene, toluene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and tetrachloroethene, respectively, equilibrated in response to a change in air concentration within hours. The rate of equilibration in exposed grass in all cases was independent of air temperature. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane and tetrachloroethene appear to be biologically inert demonstrating a simple physico-chemical approach to equilibrium, however, benzene and toluene do not appear independent of plant metabolic activity. Aqueous solubility can account for all of the toluene and benzene in the fumigated plant material"
Keywords:		Air Pollutants/*pharmacokinetics Environmental Exposure *Environmental Monitoring Kinetics Organic Chemicals/pharmacokinetics Poaceae/*physiology Solubility Solvents/*chemistry Temperature *Vehicle Emissions Volatilization;
Notes:		"MedlineBinnie, J Cape, J N Mackie, N Leith, I D eng Netherlands 2002/03/05 Sci Total Environ. 2002 Feb 21; 285(1-3):53-67. doi: 10.1016/s0048-9697(01)00894-4"