| Title: | Inclusion of Specialist and Generalist Stimuli in Attract-and-Kill Programs: Their Relative Efficacy in Apple Maggot Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) Pest Management |
| Author(s): | Morrison WR; Lee DH; Reissig WH; Combs D; Leahy K; Tuttle A; Cooley D; Leskey TC; |
| Address: | "USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV (william.morrison@ars.usda.gov; tracy.leskey@ars.usda.gov) william.morrison@ars.usda.gov. Department of Life Sciences, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Kyeonggi-do, South Korea dl343@gachon.ac.kr. Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Geneva, NY (whr1@cornell.edu; dbc10@cornell.edu). Polaris Orchard Management, Colrain, MA (polaris2@rcn.com), and. Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (aft@umass.edu; dcooley@umass.edu). USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV (william.morrison@ars.usda.gov; tracy.leskey@ars.usda.gov)" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1938-2936 (Electronic) 0046-225X (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Investigating the chemical ecology of agricultural systems continues to be a salient part of integrated pest management programs. Apple maggot fly, a key pest of apple in eastern North America, is a visual specialist with attraction to host fruit-mimicking cues. These cues have been incorporated into red spherical traps used for both monitoring and behaviorally based management. Incorporating generalist or specialist olfactory cues can potentially increase the overall success of this management system. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the attractiveness of a generalist olfactory cue, ammonium carbonate, and the specialist olfactory cue, a five-component apple volatile blend, when included as a component of a red attracticidal sphere system. Secondly, we assessed how critical it was to maintain minimal deviation from the optimal, full-round specialist visual stimulus provided by red spheres. Finally, attracticidal spheres were deployed with specialist olfactory cues in commercial apple orchards to evaluate their potential for effective management of apple maggot. Ammonium carbonate did not increase residency, feeding time, or mortality in the laboratory-based trials. Field deployment of specialist olfactory cues increased apple maggot captures on red spheres, while the generalist cue did not. Apple maggot tolerated some deviation from the optimal visual stimulus without reducing captures on red spheres. Attracticidal spheres hung in perimeter trees in orchards resulted in acceptable and statistically identical levels of control compared with standard insecticide programs used by growers. Overall, our study contributes valuable information for developing a reliable attract-and-kill system for apple maggot" |
| Keywords: | Animals Carbonates/*pharmacology Insect Control/*methods Malus/*chemistry *Olfactory Perception Pheromones/*pharmacology Photic Stimulation Tephritidae/drug effects/*physiology Volatile Organic Compounds/*pharmacology Malus domestica attract and kill inte; |
| Notes: | "MedlineMorrison, William R 3rd Lee, Doo-Hyung Reissig, W Harvey Combs, David Leahy, Kathleen Tuttle, Arthur Cooley, Daniel Leskey, Tracy C eng Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. England 2016/06/23 Environ Entomol. 2016 Aug; 45(4):974-82. doi: 10.1093/ee/nvw043. Epub 2016 Jun 20" |
