| Title: | Betaine addition as a potent ruminal fermentation modulator under hyperthermal and hyperosmotic conditions in vitro |
| Author(s): | Mahmood M; Petri RM; Gavrau A; Zebeli Q; Khiaosa-Ard R; |
| Address: | "Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria. Section of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore sub-campus Jhang, Jhang, Pakistan. AGRANA Sales & Marketing GmbH, Vienna, Austria" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1097-0010 (Electronic) 0022-5142 (Print) 0022-5142 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "BACKGROUND: Climatic and dietary shifts predispose ruminal microbes to hyperthermal and hyperosmotic stress, leading to poor fermentation and subsequently adverse effects on ruminant productivity. Betaine may function as substrate, osmolyte, antioxidant, and methyl donor for microbes. However, its effect depends on the extent of microbial catabolism. This study revealed the ruminal disappearance kinetics of betaine and its dose effect on ruminal fermentation during thermal and osmotic stress using a rumen simulation technique. RESULTS: Three different betaine doses were used: 0, 50, and 286 mg L(-1) ; each was assigned to two incubation temperatures (39.5 and 42 degrees C) and two osmotic conditions (295 and 420 mOsmol kg(-1) ). Betaine disappeared rapidly within the first 6 h of incubation; however, the rate was lower during hyperosmotic stress (P < 0.05), the stress condition that also suppressed the overall fermentation and degradation of organic nutrients and decreased the bacterial diversity (P < 0.001). During hyperosmotic stress, betaine shifted the fermentation pathway to more propionate (P < 0.05). Betaine counteracted the negative effect of hyperthermal stress on total short-chain fatty acid concentration (P < 0.05) without affecting the composition. Both stress conditions shifted the bacterial composition, but the effect of betaine was minimal. CONCLUSION: Despite its rapid ruminal disappearance, betaine modulated microbial fermentation in different ways depending on stress conditions, indicating the plasticity of the betaine effect in response to various kinds of physicochemical stress. Although betaine did not affect the abundance of ruminal microbiota, the enhanced fermentation suggests an improved microbial metabolic activity under stress conditions. (c) 2020 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry" |
| Keywords: | "Animal Feed Animals Bacteria/genetics/metabolism Betaine/*metabolism Fatty Acids, Volatile *Fermentation Gastrointestinal Microbiome Kinetics Osmolar Concentration Osmotic Pressure/*physiology RNA, Ribosomal, 16S Rumen/*metabolism Temperature 16S rRNA bac;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineMahmood, Mubarik Petri, Renee Maxine Gavrau, Ana Zebeli, Qendrim Khiaosa-Ard, Ratchaneewan eng Vetmeduni Vienna/ England 2020/01/10 J Sci Food Agric. 2020 Mar 30; 100(5):2261-2271. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.10255. Epub 2020 Jan 28" |
