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Chemosphere

Title:		Hazardous volatile organic compounds in ambient air of China
Author(s):		Lyu X; Guo H; Wang Y; Zhang F; Nie K; Dang J; Liang Z; Dong S; Zeren Y; Zhou B; Gao W; Zhao S; Zhang G;
Address:		"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China. Electronic address: ceguohai@polyu.edu.hk. Shanghai Meteorological Service, Shanghai, China. State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China. State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China. Electronic address: zhanggan@gig.ac.cn"
Journal Title:		Chemosphere
Year:		2020
Volume:		20191227
Issue:
Page Number:		125731 -
DOI:		10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125731
ISSN/ISBN:		1879-1298 (Electronic) 0045-6535 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are ubiquitous in the atmosphere and the majority of them have been proved to be detrimental to human health. The hazardous VOCs were studied very insufficiently in China, despite the enormous emissions of VOCs. In this study, the concentrations and sources of 17 hazardous VOCs reported in literature were reviewed, based on which the health effects were assessed. In-depth survey indicated that benzene and toluene had the highest concentrations in eastern China (confined to the study regions reviewed, same for the other geographic generalization), which however showed significant declines. The southern China featured high levels of trichloroethylene. Dichloromethane and chloroform were observed to be concentrated in northern China. The distributions of 1,2-dichloropropane and tetrachloroethylene were homogeneous across the country. Basically consistent with the spatial patterns of ozone, the summertime formaldehyde exhibited higher levels in eastern and northern China, and increased continuously. While transportation served as the largest source of benzene and toluene, industrial emissions and secondary formation were the predominant contributors of halogenated hydrocarbons and aldehydes (formaldehyde and acetaldehyde), respectively. The chronic non-cancer effects of inhalation exposure to the hazardous VOCs were insignificant, however the probabilities of developing cancers by inhaling the hazardous VOCs in ambient air of China were quite high. Formaldehyde was identified as the primary carcinogenic VOC in the atmosphere of most regions. The striking results, especially the high inhalation cancer risks, alerted us that the emission controls of hazardous VOCs were urgent in China, which must be grounded upon full understanding of their occurrence, presence and health effects"
Keywords:		Air Pollutants/*analysis Aldehydes Atmosphere Benzene China *Environmental Monitoring Formaldehyde Humans Inhalation Exposure/statistics & numerical data Ozone Toluene Volatile Organic Compounds/*analysis Hazardous air pollutants Health effects Risk asses;
Notes:		"MedlineLyu, Xiaopu Guo, Hai Wang, Yu Zhang, Fan Nie, Kun Dang, Juan Liang, Zhirong Dong, Shuhao Zeren, Yangzong Zhou, Beining Gao, Wei Zhao, Shizhen Zhang, Gan eng England 2020/01/10 Chemosphere. 2020 May; 246:125731. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125731. Epub 2019 Dec 27"