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Environ Res

Title:		"Indoor air quality of 5,000 households and its determinants. Part B: Volatile organic compounds and inorganic gaseous pollutants in the Japan Environment and Children's study"
Author(s):		Jung CR; Nishihama Y; Nakayama SF; Tamura K; Isobe T; Michikawa T; Iwai-Shimada M; Kobayashi Y; Sekiyama M; Taniguchi Y; Yamazaki S; Japan E; Children's Study G;
Address:		"Japan Environment and Children's Study Programme Office, Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan; Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. Japan Environment and Children's Study Programme Office, Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan. Japan Environment and Children's Study Programme Office, Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan. Japan Environment and Children's Study Programme Office, Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan. Electronic address: fabre@nies.go.jp"
Journal Title:		Environ Res
Year:		2021
Volume:		20210408
Issue:
Page Number:		111135 -
DOI:		10.1016/j.envres.2021.111135
ISSN/ISBN:		1096-0953 (Electronic) 0013-9351 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are major indoor air pollutants. Quantification of indoor concentrations of VOCs and identification of factors associated with these concentrations can help manage indoor air quality. This study measured the concentrations of VOCs and inorganic gaseous pollutants in around 5000 households in Japan and utilised a random forest model to estimate these concentrations and identify important determinants. The homes of 5017 randomly selected participants in the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS) were visited twice, when the children were aged 1.5 and 3 years. Twelve VOCs and inorganic gaseous pollutants were measured during 7 days by passive samplers. Various factors in these households, including household appliances, building characteristics, cooking styles, use of consumer products, renovation, pets, personal behaviours and ventilation were recorded. A random forest model with recursive feature elimination was utilised to identify factors predictive of VOCs and inorganic gaseous pollutants. Toluene, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were the dominant indoor VOCs. The 95th percentiles of indoor p-dichlorobenzene concentrations at 1.5 and 3 years were 67 mug/m(3) and 71 mug/m(3), respectively. Random forest models with coefficients of determination ranging from 0.34 to 0.76 outperformed the traditional linear regression models. Factors associated with indoor VOC and inorganic gaseous pollutant concentrations included their outdoor concentrations, indoor and outdoor temperature and relative humidity, month of the year, hours windows were open, kerosene heater use and times of operation and building age. The results provided basic descriptions of indoor VOCs and inorganic gaseous pollutants in Japan and identified several determinants of these concentrations. These determinants should be considered to maintain indoor air quality. These results can be used in epidemiological assessments of the effects of VOCs and inorganic gaseous pollutants on health in children"
Keywords:		"*Air Pollutants/analysis *Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis Child Environmental Monitoring *Environmental Pollutants Gases Humans Japan *Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis Dwelling characteristics Indoor air Inorganic gaseous pollutants Random forest Volati;"
Notes:		"MedlineJung, Chau-Ren Nishihama, Yukiko Nakayama, Shoji F Tamura, Kenji Isobe, Tomohiko Michikawa, Takehiro Iwai-Shimada, Miyuki Kobayashi, Yayoi Sekiyama, Makiko Taniguchi, Yu Yamazaki, Shin eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Netherlands 2021/04/12 Environ Res. 2021 Jun; 197:111135. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111135. Epub 2021 Apr 8"