| Title: | Insights into Mechanistic Models for Evaporation of Organic Liquids in the Environment Obtained by Position-Specific Carbon Isotope Analysis |
| Author(s): | Julien M; Nun P; Robins RJ; Remaud GS; Parinet J; Hohener P; |
| Address: | "EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230 , 2 rue de la Houssiniere BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France. Laboratoire Chimie Environnement, University of Aix-Marseille-CNRS FRE 3416 , place Victor Hugo 3, F-13331 Marseille, France" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1520-5851 (Electronic) 0013-936X (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Position-specific isotope effects (PSIEs) have been measured by isotope ratio monitoring (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry during the evaporation of 10 liquids of different polarities under 4 evaporation modes (passive evaporation, air-vented evaporation, low pressure evaporation, distillation). The observed effects are used to assess the validity of the Craig-Gordon isotope model for organic liquids. For seven liquids the overall isotope effect (IE) includes a vapor-liquid contribution that is strongly position-specific in polar compounds but less so in apolar compounds and a diffusive IE that is not position-specific, except in the alcohols, ethanol and propan-1-ol. The diffusive IE is diminished under forced evaporation. The position-specific isotope pattern created by liquid-vapor IEs is manifest in five liquids, which have an air-side limitation for volatilization. For the alcohols, undefined processes in the liquid phase create additional PSIEs. Three other liquids with limitations on the liquid side have a lower, highly position-specific, bulk diffusive IE. It is concluded that evaporation of organic pollutants creates unique position-specific isotope patterns that may be used to assess the progress of remediation or natural attenuation of pollution and that the Craig-Gordon isotope model is valid for the volatilization of nonpolar organic liquids with air-side limitation of the volatilization rate" |
| Keywords: | "Acetone/chemistry Carbon Isotopes/*analysis/chemistry Environment Gases Heptanes/chemistry Hydrocarbons, Brominated/chemistry Methanol/chemistry Methyl Ethers/chemistry Models, Chemical *Models, Theoretical Organic Chemicals/analysis/chemistry Pressure Vo;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineJulien, Maxime Nun, Pierrick Robins, Richard J Remaud, Gerald S Parinet, Julien Hohener, Patrick eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2015/10/08 Environ Sci Technol. 2015 Nov 3; 49(21):12782-8. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03280. Epub 2015 Oct 15" |
