| Title: | Discrimination of Cultivated Regions of Soybeans (Glycine max) Based on Multivariate Data Analysis of Volatile Metabolite Profiles |
| Author(s): | Kim SY; Kim SY; Lee SM; Lee DY; Shin BK; Kang DJ; Choi HK; Kim YS; |
| Address: | "Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08779, Korea. National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, Gimcheon 39660, Korea. College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea" |
| DOI: | 10.3390/molecules25030763 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1420-3049 (Electronic) 1420-3049 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Soybean (Glycine max) is a major crop cultivated in various regions and consumed globally. The formation of volatile compounds in soybeans is influenced by the cultivar as well as environmental factors, such as the climate and soil in the cultivation areas. This study used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) to analyze the volatile compounds of soybeans cultivated in Korea, China, and North America. The multivariate data analysis of partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) were then applied to GC-MS data sets. The soybeans could be clearly discriminated according to their geographical origins on the PLS-DA score plot. In particular, 25 volatile compounds, including terpenes (limonene, myrcene), esters (ethyl hexanoate, butyl butanoate, butyl prop-2-enoate, butyl acetate, butyl propanoate), aldehydes (nonanal, heptanal, (E)-hex-2-enal, (E)-hept-2-enal, acetaldehyde) were main contributors to the discrimination of soybeans cultivated in China from those cultivated in other regions in the PLS-DA score plot. On the other hand, 15 volatile compounds, such as 2-ethylhexan-1-ol, 2,5-dimethylhexan-2-ol, octanal, and heptanal, were related to Korean soybeans located on the negative PLS 2 axis, whereas 12 volatile compounds, such as oct-1-en-3-ol, heptan-4-ol, butyl butanoate, and butyl acetate, were responsible for North American soybeans. However, the multivariate statistical analysis (PLS-DA) was not able to clearly distinguish soybeans cultivated in Korea, except for those from the Gyeonggi and Kyeongsangbuk provinces" |
| Keywords: | China Cluster Analysis Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods/*statistics & numerical data Least-Squares Analysis Multivariate Analysis North America Republic of Korea Solid Phase Microextraction/methods Soybeans/chemistry/*metabolism Volatile Organ; |
| Notes: | "MedlineKim, So-Yeon Kim, So Young Lee, Sang Mi Lee, Do Yup Shin, Byeung Kon Kang, Dong Jin Choi, Hyung-Kyoon Kim, Young-Suk eng 22A20130012233/National Research Foundation of Korea/ 316081-04/Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs/ Switzerland 2020/02/14 Molecules. 2020 Feb 10; 25(3):763. doi: 10.3390/molecules25030763" |
