| Title: | Biogas upgrading to methane and removal of volatile organic compounds in a system of zero-valent iron and anaerobic granular sludge |
| Author(s): | Andronikou M; Lytras N; Chrysanthou G; Koutsokeras L; Constantinides G; Stylianou M; Agapiou A; Vyrides I; |
| Address: | "Department of Chemical Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, 57 Anexartisias Str, P.O. BOX 50329, 3603, Limassol, Cyprus. Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Kitiou Kyprianou 45, 3041, Limassol, Cyprus. Research Unit for Nanostructured Materials Systems, Cyprus University of Technology, Kitiou Kyprianou 45, 3041, Limassol, Cyprus. Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. BOX 20537, 1678, Nicosia, Cyprus. Department of Chemical Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, 57 Anexartisias Str, P.O. BOX 50329, 3603, Limassol, Cyprus. ioannis.vyrides@cut.ac.cy" |
| Journal Title: | Environ Sci Pollut Res Int |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s11356-022-21750-5 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1614-7499 (Electronic) 0944-1344 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "The current study presented a novel process of biogas upgrading to biomethane (higher than 97%) based on anaerobic sludge and zero-valent iron (ZVI) system. When ZVI was added into an aquatic system with anaerobic granular sludge (AnGrSl) under anaerobic abiotic conditions, H(2) was generated. Then, the H(2) and CO(2) were converted by the hydrogenotrophic methanogens to CH(4). Biogas upgrading to biomethane was achieved in 4 days in the AnGrSl system (50 g L(-1) ZVI, initial pH 5 and 20 g L(-1) NaHCO(3)). In this system, when zero-valent scrap iron (ZVSI) was added instead of ZVI, a more extended period (21 days) was required to achieve biogas upgrading. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the materials in a reactor with CO(2) or biogas headspace, exhibited a mixture of ferrite and the iron carbonate phase of siderite (FeCO(3)), with the latter being the dominant phase. VOCs analysis in raw biogas (in the system of anaerobic sludge and ZVI) highlighted the reduction of low mass straight- and branched-chain alkanes (C(6)-C(10)). Also, H(2)S and NH(3) were found to be substantially reduced when the anaerobic sludge was exposed to ZVI compared to the cases where ZVI was not added. This study found that simultaneously with biogas upgrading, VOCs, H(2)S and NH(3) can be removed in a system of ZVI or ZVSI and AnGrSl under aquatic anaerobic conditions" |
| Keywords: | "*Sewage/chemistry Methane Biofuels Anaerobiosis *Volatile Organic Compounds Iron/chemistry Waste Disposal, Fluid Bioreactors Carbon Dioxide Anaerobic mix culture microorganisms Biogas enhancement H2S removal Hydrogenotrophic methanogens Powder and scrub Z;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineAndronikou, Maria Lytras, Nikolaos Chrysanthou, Georgia Koutsokeras, Loukas Constantinides, Georgios Stylianou, Marinos Agapiou, Agapios Vyrides, Ioannis eng Germany 2022/07/09 Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Dec; 29(58):87245-87256. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-21750-5. Epub 2022 Jul 8" |
